Government Expenditures, Health, and Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Overview for Sustainable Development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00259Keywords:
Economic Growth, Population health, FDIAbstract
This research is conducted to investigate the effects of FDI, Government Expenditures on Population health and economic growth in Pakistan. This study inspects and provides a summary of the theoretical and empirical research conducted on the topic. First, it provides a thorough analysis of how government spending, unemployment, poverty, and foreign direct investment (FDI) affect Pakistan's population health and economic growth. Second, it integrates theoretical and empirical findings from published sources to acknowledge the body of literature already in existence. Additionally, this article also sheds light on the theoretical foundations that support the mechanics and justifications of various approaches. Thirdly, this paper suggests directions for future study that might be productive. Through a critical study and synthesis of current theories and studies, this paper advances our understanding of the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) and government spending on population health and economic growth.
References
Abigail, E. C. (2023). Unlocking Economic Growth Through Taxation in the case Nigeria. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 10(4), 19-25.
Ahmad, K. (2016). Addressing Demographic Challenges: Strategies for Sustainable Economic Growth in Pakistan. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 3(2), 22-32.
Ali, A. (2022). Foreign Debt, Financial Stability, Exchange Rate Volatility and Economic Growth in South Asian Countries. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 9(4).
Ali, A., & Afzal, M. (2016). Human Capital Development and Economic Growth: A Panel Data Analysis. Journal of Policy Options, 3(3), 49-59.
Ali, S., Rahman, S.U., & Anser, M. K. (2020). Stem Cell Tourism and International Trade of Unapproved Stem Cell Interventions. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 1(2), 79-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i2.20
Awan, A., Shahid, S., Rahman, S. U.andBaig, M. A.(2023).Analysing the Impact of Macroeconomics Variables on Poverty in Pakistan: A Fresh Insight using ARDL to Cointegration Analysis. IUB Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 318–333
Bilal, S, Shah, S, Z, A; Rahman, S, U., Jehangir, F, D (2022). Impact of Resource Rents and Institutional Quality on Economic Growth: An Approach of Panel Threshold Analysis. Competitive Educational Research Journal, 3(2), 195-12.
Fatima, N., & Zaman, A. (2018). Financial Development, Innovation, and Economic Growth: Evidence from Developing Countries. Journal of Policy Options, 5(1), 6-17.
Hafiza, N, S., Manzoor, M., Fatima, K., Sheikh, S, M., Rahman, S, U., Qureshi, G, K (2022). Motives of Customer’s E-Loyalty Towards E-Banking Services: A Study in Pakistan, Palarch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(3), 1599-1620.
Hafiza, N, S., Rahman, S, U., Sadiq, A., Manzoor, M., Shoukat, Z., & Ali, M. (2023). Effect of FDI, Trade Openness and Employment and Manufacturing Sector Growth: Evidence from Pakistan Based ARDL Approach. Central European Management Journal, 31(1), 733-756.
Hassan, K. H. U., Sheikh, S. M., & Rahman, S. U. (2022). The Determinants of Non Performing Loans (NPLs); Evidence from the Banking Sector of Pakistan. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 3(1), 1-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v3i1.144
Huang, Y., Rahman, S. U., Meo, M. S., Ali, M. S. E., & Khan, S. (2024). Revisiting the environmental Kuznets curve: assessing the impact of climate policy uncertainty in the Belt and Road Initiative. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31471-y
Idrees, S., Awan, A., Arslan, S, M., Hussain, M., Razzaq, N., Haris, M. & Rahman, S. (2023). Does Green Finance, Technology and Financial Development Matter Environmental Sustainability? Novel Insight from Pakistan Based Nonlinear ARDL Approach. Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing, 38 (3), 3423- 3448.
Ilyas, A., Awan, A., Kanwal, A., Banaras, A., Rahman, S. U., Ali, M. (2023). Green HRM Practices and Environmental sustainability in Banks of Pakistan: The role of Financial Leadership behavior, Personality Traits, and Employee Engagement with environmental Initiatives in sustaining individual Green Behavior. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 197-223.
Ilyas, A., Banaras, A., Javaid, Z., & Rahman, S.U. (2023). Effect of Foreign Direct Investment and Trade Openness on the Poverty Alleviation in Burundi – Sub African Country: ARDL (Co-integration) Approach. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(1), 555–565 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1101.0373
Ismail, H., & Saeed, A. (2017). Islamic Bank ing and Finance in Pakistan: Growth Trends, Outlook, and Strategic Imperatives. Journal of Policy Options, 4(3), 70-78.
Khan, A. (2016). Driving Economic Growth Through Vocational Education: Empirical Evidences from Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 3(2), 29-36.
Khan, R., & Ullah, B. (2017). Examining the Impact of Firm Sustainability Practices on Firm Growth: Evidence from the United States. Journal of Policy Options, 4(4), 89-103.
Khan, S, M., Rahman, S. U., Fiaz, S. (2023). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Institutional Performance and Scientific Innovations on Environmental Degradation: Evidence from OIC Countries. Research Journal for Societal Issues, 5(1), 194–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56976/rjsi.v5i1.81
Khan, Y., Afridi, F. A., Shad, F., Rahman, S.U (2022). The Socio-Cultural Factors Influence on Women's Ability to Become Social Entrepreneurs. Competitive Education Research Journal, 3(1), 135-146.
Khoula, G., Rahman, S, U., Idress, S (2022). Does Foreign Direct Investment Promote Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan Based ARDL to Cointegration Approach. Journal of Contemporary Macroeconomic Issues, 3(1), 54-63.
Labeeque, A., & Sanaullah, A. (2017). Towards Inclusive Economic Growth: Synthesizing Strategies for Social Inclusion in Development. Journal of Policy Options, 4(1), 16-26.
Li, D., Bai, Y., Yu, P., Meo, D. M. S., Anees, A &. Rahman, S.U (2022). Does Institutional Quality Matter for Environmental Sustainability? Frontiers in Environmental Science, 1- 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.966762
Muhammad, A. A. (2023). Examining the Relationship among Unemployment, Inflation, and Economic Growth. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 10(2), 23-31.
Mukhtar, A., Mukhtar, S., Mukhtar, A., Shahid., Razzaq, H, R., Rahman, S, U. (2023). The Use of Social Media and Its Impact on The Learning Behavior of ESL University Students for Sustainable Education in Pakistan. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 398- 415.
Nawaz, A., Rahman, S. U., Zafar, M., & Ghaffar, M. (2023). Technology Innovation- institutional Quality on Environmental Pollution Nexus From E-7 Nations: Evidence from Panel ARDL Cointegration Approach. Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences, 6(2), 307-323. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v6i2.329
Qadri, S. U., Shi, X., Rahman, S. U., Anees, A., Ali, M. S. E., Brancu, L., & Nayel, A. N. (2023). Green finance and foreign direct investment–environmental sustainability nexuses in emerging countries: new insights from the environmental Kuznets curve. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 11, 1074713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1074713
Qureshi, G, S., Zaman, M, W, U., Rahman, S, U., Shahzadi, H, N. (2022). Legal Insights of Crypto currency Market and State of Crypto-currency in Pakistan. Superior Law Review, 2(1), 77-104.
Rahman, S. U., & Bakar, N.A., (2018). A Review of Foreign Direct Investment and Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(4), 582 – 599. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2018.0604.0065
Rahman, S. U., & Bakar, N.A., (2019). FDI and Manufacturing Growth: Bound Test and ARDL Approach. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 9(5), 36–61.
Rahman, S. U., & Bakar, N.A., (2019). Manufacturing sector in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review for the Future Growth and Development. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 7(1), 77 – 91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2019.0701.0073
Rahman, S. U., Ali, S., Idrees, S., Ali, M. S. E., & Zulfiqar, M. (2022). Domestic Private Investment, and Export on Output Growth of Large-Scale Manufacturing Sector in Pakistan: An Application of Bound Tests to Cointegration Approach. International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, 12(2). 239-270. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56536/ijmres.v12i2.175
Rahman, S., Chaudhry, I. S., Meo, M. S., Sheikh, S. M., & Idrees, S. (2021). Asymmetric effect of FDI and public expenditure on population health: new evidence from Pakistan based on non-linear ARDL. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17525-z
Rahman, S.U., Bakar, N. A.., & Idrees, S. (2019). Long Run Relationship between Domestic Private Investment and Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan: An Application of Bounds Testing Cointegration. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 39(2). 739-749
Sarwar, F., Ali, S., Bhatti, S. H., & Rahman, S. (2021). Legal Approaches to Reduce Plastic Marine Pollution: Challenges and Global Governance. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 2(1), 15-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v2i1.32
Shafique, M, R., Rahman, S. U., Khizar, S., Zulfiqar, M (2021). How does Poverty, Foreign Direct Investment, and Unemployment affect Economic Growth: Evidence from Pakistan co-integration ARDL Approach. International Journal of Research in Economics and Commerce, 2(1), 14-23.
Shahid, A. U., Ghaffar, M., Rahman, S. U., Ali, M., Baig, M. A., & Idrees, S. (2022). Exploring the Impact of Total Quality Management Mediation between Green Supply Chain Method and Performance”. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(4), 1252-1270.
Shahid, C., Gurmani, M. T., Rahman, S. U, & Saif, L. (2023). The Role of Technology in English Language Learning in Online Classes at Tertiary Level. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 232- 247 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.215
Shahid, C., Muhammed, G. A., Abbasi, I. A., Gurmani, M. T., & Rahman, S, U. (2022). Attitudes Of Undergraduates and Teachers Towards Evolving Autonomous Learning L2 In Higher Education. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(11), 527-544.
Shahzadi, H. N., Ali, M., Ghafoor, R. K., & Rahman, S. U. (2023). Does Innovation and Foreign Direct Investment Affect Renewable Energy Consumption? Evidence from Developing Countries. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(2), 926– 935. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0402
Shahzadi, H. N., Sheikh, S. M., Sadiq, A., & Rahman, S. U. (2023). Effect of Financial Development, Economic Growth on Environment Pollution: Evidence from G-7 based ARDL Cointegration Approach. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(1), 68-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1101.0330
Song, M., Anees, A., Rahman, S. U., & Ali, M. S. E. (2024). Technology transfer for green investments: exploring how technology transfer through foreign direct investments can contribute to sustainable practices and reduced environmental impact in OIC economies. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31553-x
Tabassum, N., Rahman, S. U., Zafar, M., & Ghaffar, M. (2023). Institutional Quality, Employment, Trade Openness on Environment (Co2) Nexus from Top Co2 Producing Countries; Panel ARDL Approach. Review of Education, Administration & Law, 6(2), 211-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47067/real.v6i2.325
Ullah,S Rehman, C, A., Raman, S, U. (2023). Public Investment, Technological Innovations, and Environmental Degradation: Asymmetric ARDL Approach. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(2), 704-716 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0386
Usman, M., Rahman, S. U., Shafique, M. R., Sadiq, A., & Idrees, S. (2023). Renewable Energy, Trade and Economic Growth on Nitrous Oxide Emission in G-7 Countries Using Panel ARDL Approach. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 131-143. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.219
Younas, N., Idrees, S., & Rahman, S.U (2021). Impact of Workplace Ostracism on Turnover Intention with mediation of Organizational Cynicism. International Journal of Business and Finance Implications, 2(1), 1-13
Zahra, A., Nasir, N., Rahman, S. U., & Idress, S. (2023). Impact of Exchange Rate, and Foreign Direct Investment on External Debt: Evidence from Pakistan Using ARDL Cointegration Approach. IRASD Journal of Economics, 5(1), 709–719. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0501.0110
Zainab, J., Qaisra, N., Hassan, I., Haris, M., Rahman, S, U., & Ali, M. (2023). Assessing Mediating Role of Environment Knowledge Between Green Resource Management and Sustainable Performance, Under Moderating Effects of Green Self- Efficacy. Central European Management Journal, 31(2), 352-368.
Zhao, J., Rahman, S. U., Afshan, S., Ali, M. S. E., Ashfaq, H., & Idrees, S. (2023). Green investment, institutional quality, and environmental performance: evidence from G-7 countries using panel NARDL approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29332-9
Zhu, L., Fang, W., Rahman, S. U., & Khan, A. I. (2021). How solar-based renewable energy contributes to CO2 emissions abatement? Sustainable environment policy implications for solar industry. Energy & Environment, 34(2), 0958305X211061886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X211061886
Zulfiqar, M., Ansar, S., Ali, M., Hassan, K. H. U., Bilal, M., & Rahman, S. U. (2022). The Role of Social Economic Resources Towards Entrepreneurial Intentions. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 19(1), 2219-2253.