AGEING, MENTAL HEALTH AND RELIGIOUS CONNECTIONS: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Keywords:
Mental Health, Pakistan,, AgeingAbstract
Religious connections have been associated with mental health and this phenomenon is particularly related with the older persons. It has been established that religious connections i.e involvement in “Zakat and Sadqat” committees for the welfare of marginalized segments of society along with maintaining connections while praying at mosques enhancing life satisfaction that result in successful aging. The study aimed to investigate the relationship of religious connection with successful aging in retired pensioners. As aging in Pakistan has been under explored especially lack of studies exist in which religious connections have been associated with mental health. The study established the relationship between religious connections and mental health. In order to explore, the study targeted retired pensioners from government department across the south Punjab region by focusing all cadres of pensioner’s i.e. Class-IV, Clerical Cadre and Gazatted. The study selected 400 retired pensioners (i.e. 302 male 98 females) from districts Multan, Khenewal, Bahawlpur, Rahim Yar Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan and Muzaffargarh of South Punjab, through stratified random sampling technique. The study used proportionate sampling technique in order to select true representatives of the population from each selected districts. The study used self-constructed Religious Connectionsand (PHQ-9) tool for data collection through survey method and face-to-face interview schedule. The study concluded that active involvement in religious practices and connections resulted in avoidance from mental health issues. The study suggested that religious connection be incorporated in policy making for avoidance of mental health issues.
References
Ali, A. & Naeem, M.Z. (2017). Trade Liberalization and Fiscal Management of Pakistan: A Brief Overview. Policy Brief-Department of Economics, PU, Lahore. 2017 (1), 1-6.
Ali, A. (2011). Disaggregated import demand functions of Pakistan; An empirical Analysis. M-Phil Thesis, NCBA&E, Lahore, Pakistan, 1-70.
Ali, A. (2015). The impact of macroeconomic instability on social progress: an empirical analysis of Pakistan. (Doctoral dissertation, National College of Business Administration & Economics Lahore).
Ali, A. (2018). Issue of Income Inequality Under the Perceptive of Macroeconomic Instability: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 56(1), 121-155.
Ali, A. and Bibi, C. (2017). Determinants of Social Progress and its Scenarios under the role of Macroeconomic Instability: Empirics from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review 55 (2), 505-540.
Ali, A., & Ahmad, K. (2014). The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Life Expectancy in Sultanate of Oman: An Empirical Analysis. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 218-224.
Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2016). The Impact of Income Inequality, Environmental Degradation and Globalization on Life Expectancy in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 4 (4), 182-193.
Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2018). Macroeconomic Environment and Taxes Revenues in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(1), 30-39.
Ali, A., & Rehman, H. U. (2015). Macroeconomic instability and its impact on the gross domestic product: an empirical analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 285-316.
Ali, A., & Şenturk, I. (2019). Justifying the Impact of Economic Deprivation, Maternal Status and Health infrastructure on Under-Five Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 8(3), 140-154.
Ali, A., & Zulfiqar, K. (2018). An Assessment of Association between Natural Resources Agglomeration and Unemployment in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 19(1), 110-126.
Ali, A., Ahmed, F., & Rahman, F. U. (2016). Impact of Government Borrowing on Financial Development (A case study of Pakistan). Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(3), 135-143.
Ali, A., Audi, M., & Roussel, Y. (2021). Natural Resources Depletion, Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing World. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(3), 251-260.
Ali, A., Audi, M., Bibi, C., & Roussel, Y. (2021). The Impact of Gender Inequality and Environmental Degradation on Human Well-being in the Case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(2), 92-99.
Ali, A., Mujahid, N., Rashid, Y., & Shahbaz, M. (2015). Human capital outflow and economic misery: Fresh evidence for Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 747-764.
Audi, M., Ali, A., & Roussel, Y. (2021). Measuring the Tax Buoyancy: Empirics from South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Empirical Economics Letters, 20(12).
Cohen, A. B., & Koenig, H. G. (2003). Religion, religiosity and spirituality in the biopsychosocial model of health and ageing. Ageing international, 28(3), 215-241.
Crowther, M. R., Parker, M. W., Achenbaum, W. A., Larimore, W. L., & Koenig, H. G. (2002). Rowe and Kahn's model of successful ageing revisited: Positive spirituality—The forgotten factor. The Gerontologist, 42(5), 613-620.
Crowther, M. R., Parker, M. W., Achenbaum, W. A., Larimore, W. L., & Koenig, H. G. (2002). Rowe and Kahn's model of successful AGEING revisited: Positive spirituality—The forgotten factor. The Gerontologist, 42(5), 613-620.
Ellison, C. G. (1994). Religion, the life stress paradigm, and the study of depression. SAGE FOCUS EDITIONS, 166, 78-78.
Ellison, C. G., & Levin, J. S. (1998). The religion-health connection: Evidence, theory, and future directions. Health Education & Behavior, 25(6), 700-720.
Ellison, C. G., & Levin, J. S. (1998). The religion-health connection: Evidence, theory, and future directions. Health Education & Behavior, 25(6), 700-720.
Fry, P. S. (2000). Religious involvement, spirituality and personal meaning for life: Existential predictors of psychological wellbeing in community-residing and institutional care elders. Ageing & Mental Health, 4(4), 375-387.
George, L. K. (1996). Social factors and illness.
Idler, E. L., &Kasl, S. V. (1997). Religion among disabled and nondisabled persons II: Attendance at religious services as a predictor of the course of disability. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 52(6), S306-S316.
Malone, J., &Dadswell, A. (2018). The Role of religion, spirituality and/or belief in positive ageing for older adults. Geriatrics, 3(2), 28.
Ng, T. P., Nyunt, M. S. Z., Chiam, P. C., &Kua, E. H. (2011). Religion, health beliefs and the use of mental health services by the elderly. Ageing & Mental health, 15(2), 143-149.
Pocinho, R., Belo, P., Antunes, A., & Rodrigues, J. (2016). Importance of Religiosity and Spirituality in Institutionalized Elderly. ARC Journal of Public Health and Community Medicine, 1(1), 22-30
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1998). Successful Ageing. The gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.
Zimmer, Z., Jagger, C., Chiu, C. T., Ofstedal, M. B., Rojo, F., & Saito, Y. (2016). Spirituality, religiosity, ageing and health in global perspective: A review. SSM-population health, 2, 373-381.
