GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH MULTI DEPENDENT PANELS: A STUDY OF PAK-US TRADE

Authors

  • MUHAMMAD NAVEED JAMIL Institute of Business Administration, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan Author
  • KHADIJA SHAHZAD MS Leadership & Management, Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan Author
  • ALIYA JABEEN Department of Economics and finance, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00006

Keywords:

General Diagnostic test, Cross-Section Diagnostic Test, Pak-US Economy

Abstract

The basic purpose of this study to General Diagnostic test for Sustainable Economic Growth Multi Dependent Panels of Cross Section. The two sample models are using “USA import from Pakistan impact on USA economy” and “Pakistan export to USA impact on Pakistan economy” with multi macroeconomic dependent variables of each country for the period of 2012 to 2021 and examine through a new General Diagnostic test of Cross-section diagnostic test (CSDT) that highly recommended for future examination of research data. The Results showing the high impact “Import on US Macroeconomic variables” and “Export on Pakistan Macroeconomic variables” that influencing the country economy. The Cross-section diagnostic test (CSDT) result also indicates each macroeconomic dependent variable of a country highly influenced by import and export. Like Pakistan face balance of payment issue and export helping indicator and USA shortage of agricultural product, dairy and natural resources production, import strengthen the usage (meet the need), standard living and economy. Research implications are very clear import and export of a country is highly significant that meet the need of financial and usage of a country. This study has two main recommendations. First, strongly recommends for Policy maker more focus on exports with the help of country resources and meet the need of country. Second, the study is strongly recommended to research institution, and research scholar the new General Diagnostic test Multi Dependent Panels of Cross Section (for Sustainable Economic Growth) is suggested to use for future examination of research data.

References

Aghaz, A., & Sheikh, A. (2016). Cyberloafing and job burnout: An investigation in the knowledge-intensive sector. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 51-60.

Aghaz, A., Atashgah, M. S. S., & Zoghipour, M. (2014). Narcissism and counterproductive workplace behaviors among Iranian managers and nonmanagerial employees. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 3(2), 155-169.

Appelbaum, S. H., Iaconi, G. D., & Matousek, A. (2007). Positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors: causes, impacts, and solutions. Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, 7(5), 586-598.

Banimahd, B., Dilami, Z., & Javanmard, M. (2013). Narcissism in Iranian auditing profession. Management Science Letters, 3(5), 1421-1426.

Bergman, J. Z., Westerman, J. W., Bergman, S. M., Westerman, J., & Daly, J. P. (2014). Narcissism, materialism, and environmental ethics in business students. Journal of Management Education, 38(4), 489-510.

Berrington de Gonzalez, A., Hartge, P., Cerhan, J. R., Flint, A. J., Hannan, L., MacInnis, R. J., ... & Beeson, W. L. (2010). Body-mass index and mortality among 1.46 million white adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 363(23), 2211-2219.

Beyreuther, M., Barsch, R., Krischer, L., Megies, T., Behr, Y., & Wassermann, J. (2010). ObsPy: A Python toolbox for seismology. Seismological Research Letters, 81(3), 530-533.

Blair, C. A., Helland, K., & Walton, B. (2017). Leaders behaving badly: the relationship between narcissism and unethical leadership. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(2), 333-346.

Braun, S., Aydin, N., Frey, D., & Peus, C. (2018). Leader narcissism predicts malicious envy and supervisor-targeted counterproductive work behavior: Evidence from field and experimental research. Journal of business ethics, 151(3), 725-741

Braun, S., Aydin, N., Frey, D., & Peus, C. (2018). Leader narcissism predicts malicious envy and supervisor-targeted counterproductive work behavior: Evidence from field and experimental research. Journal of business ethics, 151(3), 725-741.

Burger, B., Kanbach, D. K., & Kraus, S. (2023). The role of narcissism in entrepreneurial activity: a systematic literature review. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, (ahead-of-print).

Campbell, W. K., Brunell, A. B., & Finkel, E. J. (2006). Narcissism, Interpersonal Self-Regulation, and Romantic Relationships: An Agency Model Approach.

Chen, X. Q., Cui, P., Li, Y., Yang, Z., & Qi, Y. Q. (2007). Changes in glacial lakes and glaciers of post-1986 in the Poiqu River basin, Nyalam, Xizang (Tibet). Geomorphology, 88(3-4), 298-311.

Cohen, M. S., Chen, Y. Q., McCauley, M., Gamble, T., Hosseinipour, M. C., Kumarasamy, Godbole, S. V. (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. New England journal of medicine, 365(6), 493-505.

Chughtai M. S., Akram H., Razzaq T., Rasheed A., & Shah R. (2022). Impact of Psychopathy and Narcissism on Employees’ Adverse Outcomes: A Perspective of Ethical Climate Theory and Threatened-Egotism Model. Management & Economics Research Journal, 4(1), 129-152.

Rosario, P. M., & White, R. M. (2005). The Narcissistic Personality Inventory: Test–retest stability and internal consistency. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(6), 1075-1081.

Duchon, D., & Burns, M. (2008). Organizational narcissism.

Elsawy, M., Alghurabli, Z., Elbadawi, M., & Fatin, B. (2022). Assessing the Influence of Dark Triad Personality Traits on Counterproductive Work Behaviour with Mediating Role of Selected Variables. International Business Research, 15(6), 103-103.

Erkutlu, H. V., & Chafra, J. (2017). Leader narcissism and subordinate embeddedness: The moderating roles of moral attentiveness and behavioral integrity. EuroMed Journal of Business, 12(2), 146-162.

Forsyth, D.R., Banks, G.C. and McDaniel, M.A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the Dark Triad and work behavior: a social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97, 557.

Grijalva, E., Harms, P. D., Newman, D. A., Gaddis, B. H., & Fraley, R. C. (2015). Narcissism and leadership: A meta‐analytic review of linear and nonlinear relationships. Personnel Psychology, 68(1), 1-47.

Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., Donnellan, M. B., Harms, P. D., Robins, R. W., & Yan, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(2), 261.

Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A., Tay, L., Donnellan, M. B., Harms, P. D., Robins, R. W., & Yan, T. (2015). Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 141(2), 261.

Häuser, W., Klose, P., Langhorst, J., Moradi, B., Steinbach, M., Schiltenwolf, M., & Busch, A. (2010). Efficacy of different types of aerobic exercise in fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Arthritis research & therapy, 12(3), R79.

Henle, C. A. (2005). Predicting workplace deviance from the interaction between organizational justice and personality. Journal of managerial Issues, 247-263.

Huang, X. F., He, L. Y., Xue, L., Sun, T. L., Zeng, L. W., Gong, Z. H., ... & Zhu, T. (2012). Highly time-resolved chemical characterization of atmospheric fine particles during 2010 Shanghai World Expo. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12(11), 4897-4907.

Jørstad, J. (1996). Narcissism and leadership: Some differences in male and female leaders. Leaderhip & Organization Development Journal, 17(6), 17-23.

Junça-Silva, A. Silva, D. (2022). The buffering effect of micro-daily events on the relationship between the dark triad traits and counterproductive work behavior. Management Research Review, 864.

Keskin, H., Akgün, A. E., Ayar, H., & Kayman, Ş. S. (2016). Cyberbullying victimization, counterproductive work behaviours and emotional intelligence at workplace. Procedia-social and behavioral sciences, 235, 281-287.

King III, G. (2007). Narcissism and effective crisis management: A review of potential problems and pitfalls. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 15(4), 183-193.

King III, G. (2007). Narcissism and effective crisis management: A review of potential problems and pitfalls. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 15(4), 183-193.

Lambert, J. C., Ibrahim-Verbaas, C. A., Harold, D., Naj, A. C., Sims, R., Bellenguez, C., ... & Grenier-Boley, B. (2013). Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nature genetics, 45(12), 1452.

Lim, B. K., Peterson, A. T., & Engstrom, M. D. (2002). Robustness of ecological niche modeling algorithms for mammals in Guyana. Biodiversity & Conservation, 11(7), 1237-1246.

Lindfelt, L. L., & Törnroos, J. Å. (2006). Ethics and value creation in business research: comparing two approaches. European Journal of Marketing, 40(3/4), 328-351.

Lubans, D. R., Hesketh, K., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., Salmon, J., Dollman, J., ... & Hardy, L. L. (2011). A systematic review of the validity and reliability of sedentary behaviour measures used with children and adolescents. Obesity reviews, 12(10), 781-799.

Lublin, F. D., Reingold, S. C., Cohen, J. A., Cutter, G. R., Sørensen, P. S., Thompson, A. J., ... & Bebo, B. (2014). Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions. Neurology, 83(3), 278-286.

Lublin, F. D., Reingold, S. C., Cohen, J. A., Cutter, G. R., Sørensen, P. S., Thompson, A. J., ... & Bebo, B. (2014). Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions. Neurology, 83(3), 278-286.

Lublin, F. D., Reingold, S. C., Cohen, J. A., Cutter, G. R., Sørensen, P. S., Thompson, A. J., ... & Bebo, B. (2014). Defining the clinical course of multiple sclerosis: the 2013 revisions. Neurology, 83(3), 278-286.

MacLane, C. N., & Walmsley, P. T. (2010). Reducing counterproductive work behavior through employee selection. Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 62-72.

Marshall, C. R., Noor, A., Vincent, J. B., Lionel, A. C., Feuk, L., Skaug, J., ... & Thiruvahindrapduram, B. (2008). Structural variation of chromosomes in autism spectrum disorder. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 82(2), 477-488.

Meriac, J. P. (2012). Work ethic and academic performance: Predicting citizenship and counterproductive behavior. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(4), 549-553.

Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Comparing clinical and social‐personality conceptualizations of narcissism. Journal of personality, 76(3), 449-476.

Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of personality, 79(5), 1013-1042.

Miller, J. D., Hoffman, B. J., Gaughan, E. T., Gentile, B., Maples, J., & Keith Campbell, W. (2011). Grandiose and vulnerable narcissism: A nomological network analysis. Journal of personality, 79(5), 1013-1042.

Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological inquiry, 12(4), 177-196.

Mount, M., Ilies, R., & Johnson, E. (2006). Relationship of personality traits and counterproductive work behaviors: The mediating effects of job satisfaction. Personnel psychology, 59(3), 591-622.

Palmer, J. C., Komarraju, M., Carter, M. Z., & Karau, S. J. (2017). Angel on one shoulder: Can perceived organizational support moderate the relationship between the Dark Triad traits and counterproductive work behavior? Personality and Individual Differences, 110, 31-37.

Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2002). Narcissism and counterproductive work behavior: Do bigger egos mean bigger problems? International Journal of selection and Assessment, 10(1‐2), 126-134.

Penney, L. M., & Spector, P. E. (2002). Narcissism and counterproductive work behavior: Do bigger egos mean bigger problems? International Journal of selection and Assessment, 10(1‐2), 126-134.

Pincus, A. L. (2013). The Pathological Narcissism Inventory.

Pincus, A. L. (2013). The Pathological Narcissism Inventory.

Ramzi. F., & Dominik, S. (2023). A toxic mix: Explicit and implicit narcissism and counterproductive work behavior. Applied Psychology, 1-14.

Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of personality and social psychology, 54(5), 890.

Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of management journal, 38(2), 555-572.

Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 66.

Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 66.

Ryals, J. A., Neuenschwander, U. H., Willits, M. G., Molina, A., Steiner, H. Y., & Hunt, M. D. (1996). Systemic acquired resistance. The plant cell, 8(10), 1809-1819.

Samier, E. A., & Atkins, T. (2010). Preventing and combating administrative narcissism: Implications for professional programmes. Journal of Educational Administration, 48(5), 579-594.

Scherer, K. T., Baysinger, M., Zolynsky, D., & LeBreton, J. M. (2013). Predicting counterproductive work behaviors with sub-clinical psychopathy: Beyond the Five Factor Model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(3), 300-305.

Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The dimensionality of counterproductivity: Are all counterproductive behaviors created equal? Journal of vocational behavior, 68(3), 446-460.

Truelove, H. B., Carrico, A. R., Weber, E. U., Raimi, K. T., & Vandenbergh, M. P. (2014). Positive and negative spillover of pro-environmental behavior: An integrative review and theoretical framework. Global Environmental Change, 29, 127-138.

Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. (1988). The organizational bases of ethical work climates. Administrative science quarterly, 101-125.

Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2000). Perspectives on models of job performance. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 8(4), 216-226.

Wilhau, A.J. (2021). Dark traits, social loafing and team member exchange: who slacks and when? Management Research Review, 44, 1583-1598.

Wei, F., & Si, S. (2013). Tit for tat? Abusive supervision and counterproductive work behaviors: The moderating effects of locus of control and perceived mobility. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 30(1), 281-296.

Weidmann, R., Chopik, W. J., Ackerman, R. A., Allroggen, M., Bianchi, E. C., Brecheen, C., Campbell, W. K., Gerlach, T. M., Geukes, K., Grijalva, E., Grossmann, I., Hopwood, C. J., Hutteman, R., Konrath, S., Küfner, A. C. P., Leckelt, M., Miller, J. D., Penke, L., Pincus, A. L., . . . Back, M. D. (2023). Age and gender differences in narcissism: A comprehensive study across eight measures and over 250,000 participants. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 124(6), 1277–1298.

Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M. A., Piotrowski, J., Pers, P., Tomiałowicz, E., & Clinton, A. (2018). Narcissism and its relationship with counterproductive work behavior: Mediational effects of psychological entitlement and subjective well-being. Polish Psychological Bulletin.

Downloads

Published

2023-08-27

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

JAMIL, M. N., SHAHZAD, K., & JABEEN, A. . (2023). GENERAL DIAGNOSTIC TEST FOR SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH MULTI DEPENDENT PANELS: A STUDY OF PAK-US TRADE. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 12(2), 332-338. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00006