Islami Jamhoori Ittehad As A Governmental Alliance

Authors

  • Dr. Muhammad Naeem Zafar Department of Pakistan Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Pakistan, Multan, Pakistan Author
  • Muhammad Rizwan Ali Department of Pakistan Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author
  • Samana Mehreen Department of Pakistan Studies Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00204

Keywords:

Islami Jamhoori Ittehad, political coalitions, governmental alliance

Abstract

The study was aimed at investigating the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad as a governmental alliance. The Islami Jamhoori Ittehad was one of the most significant political coalitions in Pakistan’s history. IJI may have been an alliance formed to prevent the PPP from taking power. Governmental alliance in 1988 includes; these parties MQM and PPP in centre and as well as in Sindh. The PPP and ANP in NWFP in 1988. Furthermore, ANP and IJI in NWFP in 1990 governmental alliance. The IJI, ANP, MQM, and JWP made governmental alliance in 1990 in centre. Pakistan’s 70 years of politics show political instability. It was seen that political alliances were made between organized political parties and weak groups. Even when democratic governance was restored in 1988, there was no single party with the majority to form a government, resulting in crumbled alliance governments. Pakistan’s political environment is characterized by power politics, institutional inequities, and a constant struggle of political factions to achieve power and rule.

References

Ahmad, S. M., Yusafzai, F., & Bari, T. (2014). Assessment of heavy metals in surface water of River Panjkora Dir Lower, KPK Pakistan. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 5, 144-152.

Feyyaz, M. (2016). The discourse and study of terrorism in decolonised states: the case of Pakistan. Critical Studies on Terrorism, 9(3), 455-477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17539153.2016.1192261

Hamid, S. (2010). Impact of the 18th constitutional amendment on federation-provinces relations. PILDAT Briefing Paper, (39).

Khan, H. (2005). Constitutional and political history of Pakistan. Oxford University Press, USA.

Khan, M. A., Iqtidar, H., & Khan, E. A. (2008). Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis L.) on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 14(1/2), 9-18.

Pasha, M. I., & Muhammad, A. (2016). Religious Political Parties in Political Enclave of Pakistan (A Case Study of MMA 2002-2008). Political Science, 24(2), 238.

Rizvi, H. A. (2002). Pakistan’s strategic culture. South Asia in 2020: future strategic balances and alliances, 11, 305.

Zafar, M. N., & Ali, A. A. (2018). MMA and Alliance Politics in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 38(2), 651-663.

Zafar, S. M. (2004). Dialogue: On the Political Chess Board. Brite Books.

Downloads

Published

2024-03-29

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Zafar, . M. N. ., Ali, M. R., & Mehreen, S. . (2024). Islami Jamhoori Ittehad As A Governmental Alliance. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 13(1). https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00204