An Exploratory Study on Experiences of Work-Life Balance of Female Teacher in Private University
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00242Keywords:
work-life balance, female teacher, private universityAbstract
This basic aim of this study to explore the experiences on work life balance of female teachers who are currently serving at private university. The study used the convenience sampling techniques and semi structure interview conducted from 11 participants. For the analysis of interview data thematic analysis used for this study with the help of Nvivo 11 plus. Based on thematic analysis six themes emerged; Understanding of work life balance, Demands, Social support on WLB, Challenges of WLB, Consequences of WLB and Coping up Strategies and Techniques of WLB. The results indicates that female teacher has understanding of work life balance as division of time and resources among the home and work responsibilities. Working women plays multiple role as mothers and family roles therefore they face conflicts of roles. They face different challenges reported in this study include parenting, marital, emergencies and lack of family support. They discussed different coping up strategies in this study includes early planning, effective time management, hiring domestic helpers and giving up the personal life to attain WLB. The participant of the study also highlighted the consequences of WLB.
References
Akram, M., Ilgan, A., Ozu, O., & Shah, A. A. (2017). Quality of School Life Public School Teacher. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 4(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v4i2.1366
Altaf, M., Awan, A., & Rehman, S.U. (2023). Exploring the relationship between tourism and environmental degradation in pakistan's economy: A time series ardl modelling approach. iRASD Journal of Economics, 5(3), 645-662. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0503.0152
Awan, A., Ali, W., Rehman, H.K.U., & Idrees, S. (2023). Comparative analyses of the islamic system with other economy system in the world. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(2), 833–843-833–843. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0395
Awan, A., Arslan, S.M., & Hussain, M. (2023). Islamic tourism accelerates economic growth expansion: English. Al-Irfan, 8(15), 27-38. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58932/MULB0012
Awan, A., Rahman, S.U., Ali, M., & Zafar, M. (2023). Institutional performance and tourism arrival nexus in brics countries: Evidence from nonlinear ardl cointegration approach. iRASD Journal of Economics, 5(1), 127-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0501.0116
Awan, A., Shahid, S., Rahman, S.U., & Baig, M.A. (2023). Analysing the impact of macroeconomics variables on poverty in pakistan: A fresh insight using ardl to cointegration analysis. IUB Journal of Social Sciences, 5(2), 318-333.
Awan, A., ul Hasnain, M.H., & Arshad, H.J. (2023). Technopreneurship for driving economic growth in pakistan: A comprehensive literature review. Journal of Policy Research, 9(4), 60-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.61506/02.00127
Batool, S., Sajid, M., & Shaheen, I. (2013). Gender and higher education in Pakistan. 15-28.
Berg, P., Kallenberg, A., & Appelbaum, E. (2003). Balancing work and family: The role of high commitment environments. Industrial Relations, 42(2), 168–188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-232X.00286
Bint Raza, S., Sheikh, S.M., & Rahman, S.U. (2024). The mediating role of agency cost between corporate governance and financial performance: Evidence from pakistan stock exchange. iRASD Journal of Economics, 6(1), 144-163. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2024.0601.0199
Blood & Wolfe. (1960). Segmentation Theory.
Chung, H., & Lippe, T. V. (2018). Flexible Working, Work–Life Balance, and Gender Equality: Introduction. Social Indicators Research , 365–381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-2025-x
Chung, H., & Van der Horst, M. (n.d.). Women’s employment patterns after childbirth and the perceived access to and use of fexif fexitime and teleworking. Human Relations, 71(1), 47-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726717713828
Clark, S. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53, 747–770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Elliot, M. (2003). Work and family role strain among university employees. . Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 24(2), 157-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023614907886
Feeney, M. K., & Stritch, J. M. (2017). Family-Friendly Policies, Gender, WLB in Public Sector. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3061238
G, D., & Prabhakara, R. (2013). A study on work-life balance in working women. International Journal of Commerce, Business and Management, 2(5).
Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, K. D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and Quality of Life. . Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 31, 510-531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
Guendouzi, J. (2006). The guilt thing: balancing domestic and professional roles. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(4), 901-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00303.x
Haddon, B., & Hede, A. (2010). Work-life balance: An integrated approach. Unpublished master’s dissertation, University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from http://www.qls.com.
Haddon, B., & Hede, A. (2010). Work-life balance: An integrated approach. Unpublished master’s dissertation, University of the Sunshine Coast Queensland, Australia.
Hill, E., Erickson, J., Hoimes, E., & Ferris, M. (2010). Workplace flexibility, work hours and work-life conflict: Finding an extra day or two. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 349-358.
Hill, E., Erickson, J., Hoimes, E., & M., F. (2010). Workplace flexibility, work hours and work-life conflict: Finding an extra day or two. Journal of Family Psychology, 24(3), 349-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019282
Iqbal, T., & Nasir, S. (2016). Integrating National Professional Standards with Islamic Teachings: A Path to Educational Excellence in Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 3(1), 7-13.
Johari, J., Tan, F. Y., & Zulkarnain, Z. I. (2018). Autonomy, workload,WLB and Job Performance among Teachers. International Journal of Education Managment, 3(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-10-2016-0226
K, A., T, A. F., & A, I. (2017). Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical study Focusing on Higher Education Teachers in Oman. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 7(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18178/ijssh.2017.V7.813
Kahn, R., Wolfe, D., Quinn, R., Snoek, J., & Rosenthal, R. (1964). Organizational stress: studies in role conflict and ambiguity. New York: Wiley.
Khan, A. (2016). Driving Economic Growth Through Vocational Education: Empirical Evidences from Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 3(2), 29-36.
Khan, W. ., & Wali, R. . (2019). Assessing the Impact of a Comprehensive Capacity Building Program on Educational Leadership and Teaching Performance in Public and Private Sectors. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 6(4).
Lambert. (1990). Processes linking work and family: A Critical Review and Research Agenda. Human Relations, 43(3), 239-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679004300303
Lewis, S., & Cooper, C. (2005). Work – Life Integration: Case Studies of OrganisationalChange, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713433
Mahmood, T., & Naz, G. (2015). Teachers’ Attitudes and the Communicative Approach in EFL Classrooms: A Study in Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 2(2), 47-54.
Marcinkus, W., Whelan-Berry, K., & Gordon, J. (2007). relationship of social support to the work family balance and work outcomes of midlife women. Women Management Review, 22(2): , 86–111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420710732060
Murthy, M. N., & Shastri, S. (2015). A Qualitative Study On Wlb Of Employees Working In Private Sector. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research, 6(7), 5160-5167.
Noor, N. (2004). Work-family conflict, work- and family-role salience and women’s well-being. Journal of Social Psychology, 144(4), 389-405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.144.4.389-406
Noor, S., & Maad, N. (2008). Examining relationship between work-life conflict stress an turnover intentions among marketing executives in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(11), 98-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v3n11p93
Poulose, S., & Sudarsan. (2014). WLB: A Conceptual Review, International. Journal of Advances in Management and Economics, 3(1), 1-17.
R, U. M., Mamun, A., & S, M. A. (n.d.).
R., K. M. (2015). Factors influencing work-life balance among the civil servants of Bangladesh with an emphasis on women professionals: A study at the ministry of public administration. Afro Asian journal of Social Sciences, 6(1).
Rahman, S.U., & Shurong, Z. (2024). Organizational use of social media and its impacts on politics: Evidence from pakistan. Authorea Preprints.
Rahman, S.u., Chaudhry, I.S., Meo, M.S., Sheikh, S.M., & Idrees, S. (2024). Retraction note: Asymmetric effect of fdi and public expenditure on population health: New evidence from pakistan based on non-linear ardl: Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33139-7
Rahman, S.U., Mumtaz, S., & Ghaffar, A. (2024). A societal interactional analysis of imran khan's united nations general assembly 2019 speech on islamophobia. Jahan-e-Tahqeeq, 7(1), 917-924.
Rahman, S.U., Zhao, S., & Junaid, D. (2024). The fdi inflows in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: The moderating role of military expenditure. International Journal of Sustainable Economy, 16(2), 131-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSE.2024.137611
Rasheed, L. (2018). The Role of Social Support and Work Engagement in Enhancing Job Performance among Secondary School Teachers: A Quantitative Study in Lahore District. Journal of Policy Options, 5(4), 81-86.
Rehman, S., & Roomi, M. A. (2012). Gender and work-life balance: A phenomenological study of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,, 19(2), 209-28.
Riaz, M., & Safdar, M. (2016). Exploring Teachers’ Concerns: Student Enrollment and Absenteeism in Primary Schools of Punjab Province. Journal of Policy Options, 3(1), 1-6.
Rossi, A. (2001). Domains and dimensions of social responsibility: Doing for Others: Social Responsibility in the Domains of Family, Work, and Community. . Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press, .
Saeed, R., Rahman, S.U., & Sheikh, S.M. (2024). Green investment, energy consumption and environmental pollution nexus g-7 countries: A historical perceptive. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(1), 127–136-127–136. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1986
Sarfaraz, R. A., & Khalid. (2015). Journey from family to work:Systematic review. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 5(2), 106-108.
Shahid, T.A., Rahman, S.U., Sheikh, S.M., & Allahrakha, R. (2024). Effect of public investment on health population: A review of brics countries. iRASD Journal of Economics, 6(1), 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/joe.2024.0601.0190
Shelton, L. (2006). Female entrepreneurs, work-family conflict, and venture performance: new insights into the work-family interface. Journal of Small Business Management, 285-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2006.00168.x
Singh, A. (2013). Female employees’ perceptions of work-life balance at a banking . Durban, South Africa: University of KwaZulu-Natal.
Smith, J., & Gardner, D. (2007). Factors affecting employee use of work-life balance initiatives. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 36(1), 3-12.
Sumaira, R., & Azam, M. R. (2012). Gender and work-life balance: phenomenological study of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(2), 209-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211223865
Thompson, B., Kirk, A., & Brown, D. (2005). Work based support, emotional exhaustion, and spillover of work stress to the family environment: A study of policewomen. . Stress and Health, 21(3), 199-207. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1056
Thompson, J., & Bunderson, J. (2001). Work-nonwork conflict and the phenomenology of time: Beyond the balance metaphor. Work and Occupations, 28(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888401028001003
Toffoletti, K., & Starr, K. (2016). Women Academics and Work-Life Balance: Gendered Discourses of Work and Care: Women Academics And Work-Life Balance. Gender Work and Organization , 23(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12133
Uddin, M. R. (2013). Work-life Balance: A Study of Female Teachers of Private Education Institutions of Bangladesh. European Journal of Business & Management , 5 (13), 10-17.
Uma, S., & Debendra, K. (2012). Work Life Conflict and Flexible Work Arrangements that Aid Work-life Balance: Perception of Working Women in Dual Career Families. Prerana, 27-31.
Uzma, S.A., Usman, M., & Rahman, S.U. (2023). Etiology and management of blunt liver trauma in a tertiary care hospital. Paper presented at the Medical Forum Monthly.
Voydanoff, P. (2005). Work Demands and work-to-family and family-to-work; Direct and indirect relationships. Journal of Family Issues,, 26(6), 707-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X05277516
Waltman, J., & Sullivan, B. (2007). Creating and supporting a flexible work-life environment for faculty and staff. Effective Practices for Academic Leaders., 2(2), 1-16.
Welter, F. (2004). The environment for female entrepreneurship in Germany. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 11(2), 212-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626000410537155
Work-life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers time.In C. L.Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behavior. . (n.d.). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
Younas, S., Shoukat, S., Awan, A., & Arslan, S.M. (2023). Comparing effects of green innovation and renewable energy on green economy: The metrics of green economy as nucleus of sdgs. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(2), 1035–1051-1035–1051. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0415
Zubair, S., Rahman, S.U., Sheikh, S.M., & Zafar, M. (2024). A review of green innovation and environmental performance in brics nations. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 12(1), 444–449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2024.v12i1.1992
