Leadership and Infrastructure in Implementing Professional Learning Communities in Lahore HEIs: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00349Keywords:
Infrastructure, Higher Educational Institutions, Interpretive Structural Modeling, Leadership, Professional Learning CommunitiesAbstract
Professional learning communities (PLCs) are considered vital for teachers’ professional development and filling the achievement gaps among students. Implementing PLCs in higher educational institutions (HEIs) may be affected by various factors such as leadership support, infrastructure, environment, and knowledge about its usefulness. Identifying all these key factors is necessary for the HEIs growth and students’ outcomes. This study aims to identify such important factors that help implement PLCs in Pakistani universities by utilizing Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). The data were collected from fourteen university faculty members. This qualitative study first identified the important factors for the implementation of PLCs from the prior studies then established relationships among these factors and proposed a final model through the ISM approach. The results suggest that leadership support and infrastructure are important factors for the implementation of PLCs in Pakistani HEIs while time constraints, equal participation, workload, working environment trust among stakeholders and vague understanding of PLCs act as mediators. The suggested final model can be used for further empirical investigation and future planning and implementation of the PLCs.
References
Afzal, M. (2018). Challenges and Anxieties in English Language Learning: A Study of Urdu EFL Learners in Intermediate Level Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 1(1), 7-13.
Azhar, F., & Saboor, A. A. (2018). Exploring the Relationship Between Pronunciation Awareness and Oral Communication Enhancement Among Urdu EFL Learner. Journal of Policy Options, 1(1), 1-6.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Blau, P. (2017). Exchange and power in social life. Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203792643
Bolam, R., McMahon, A., Stoll, L., Thomas, S., & Wallace, M. (2005). Creating and sustaining effective professional learning communities. Research report No. 637, Department for Education and Skills, General Teaching Council for England, UK.
Capers, M. (2004). Epilogue: Teaching and shared professional practice—A history of resistance; a future dependent on its embrace. In Hord, S. M. (Ed.), Learning together, leading together: Changing schools through professional learning communities (pp. 151–162). Teachers College Press.
Chauraya, M., Brodie, K. (2017). Learning in professional learning communities: Shifts in mathematics teachers’ practices. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 21(3), 223–233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0035919X.2017.1350531
Chua, W. C., Thien, L. M., Lim, S. Y., Tan, C. S., & Guan, T. E. (2020). Unveiling the practices and challenges of professional learning community in a Malaysian Chinese secondary school. Sage Open, 10(2), 2158244020925516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020925516
DuFour, R., DuFour, R., Eaker, R., Many, T. (2006). Learning by doing: A handbook for professional learning communities at work. Teachers College Press.
DuFour, R., Eaker, R. (1998). Professional learning communities at work: Best practices for enhancing student achievement. National Educational Service.
Fullan, M. (2006). Leading Professional Learning. The School Administrator, 63(10), 10-14.
Hairon, S., & Tan, C. (2017). Professional learning communities in Singapore and Shanghai: Implications for teacher collaboration. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 47(1), 91-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2016.1153408
Hairon, S., Dimmock, C. (2012). Singapore schools and professional learning communities: Teacher professional development and school leadership in an Asian hierarchical system. Educational Review, 64(4), 405–424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2011.625111
Hargreaves, A. (2001). Changing Teachers, Changing Times. 1–290.
Hopkins, M., Spillane, J. P., & Shirrell, M. (2018). Designing educational infrastructures for improvement: Instructional coaching and professional learning communities. In Networked by design (pp. 174-195). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315122991-10
Hord, S. M. (1997). Professional learning communities: Communities of continuous inquiry and improvement. Southwest Educational Development Laboratory, Austin, TX, USA
Hord, S. M. (2004). Learning together, leading together: Changing schools through professional learning communities. Teachers College Press.
Hord, S. M. (2009). Professional learning communities. Journal of staff development, 30(1), 40-43.
Iqbal, M., & Abbas, W. (2024). Determinants of Expected Service Quality: A Comparative Study in Pakistani Banking Sector. Journal of Policy Options, 7(1), 27-35.
Iqbal, T., & Nasir, S. (2018). Integrating National Professional Standards with Islamic Teachings: A Path to Educational Excellence in Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 1(4), 90-96.
Khan, A. (2018). Driving Economic Growth Through Vocational Education: Empirical Evidences from Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 1(4), 112-119.
Khasawneh, Y., Alsarayreh, R., Ajlouni, A., Eyadat, H., Ayasrah, M., & Khasawneh, M. (2023). An examination of teacher collaboration in professional learning communities and collaborative teaching practices. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v10i3.4841 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v10i3.4841
Lee, J. C., Zhang, Z., Yin, H. (2011). A multilevel analysis of the impact of a professional learning community, faculty trust in colleagues and collective efficacy on teacher commitment to students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(5), 820–830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2011.01.006
Louis, K. S., Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Anderson, S. E. (2010). Investigating the links to improved student learning. The Wallace Foundation, 2023-09.
Luyten, H., Bazo, M. (2019). Transformational leadership, professional learning communities, teaching learning and learner centered teaching practices: Evidence on their interrelations in Mozambican primary education. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 60(1), 14–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2018.11.002
Mahmood, T., & Naz, G. (2018). Teachers' Attitudes and the Communicative Approach in EFL Classrooms: A Study in Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 1(3), 66-73.
Mullen, C., & Schunk, D. (2010). A view of professional learning communities through three frames: Leadership, organization, and culture. McGill Journal of Education/Revue des sciences de l'éducation de McGill, 45(2), 185-203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/045603ar
Nguyen, D., Boeren, E., Maitra, S., & Cabus, S. (2023). A review of the empirical research literature on PLCs for teachers in the Global South: evidence, implications, and directions. Professional Development in Education, 50, 91 - 107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2023.2238728
Pang, N. S.-K., Wang, T. (2016). Professional learning communities: Research and practices across six educational systems in the Asia-Pacific region. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(2), 193–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2016.1148848
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/358916.361990
Qiao, X., Yu, S., Zhang, L. (2018). A review of research on professional learning communities in mainland China (2006–2015). Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(5), 713–728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143217707523
Quader, M. (2024). Exploring Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Satisfaction in Bangladesh’s Private Banking Sector. Journal of Policy Options, 7(1), 36-45.
Rasheed, L. (2020). The Role of Social Support and Work Engagement in Enhancing Job Performance among Secondary School Teachers: A Quantitative Study in Lahore District. Journal of Policy Options, 3(4), 124-129.
Riaz, M., & Safdar, M. (2018). Exploring Teachers' Concerns: Student Enrollment and Absenteeism in Primary Schools of Punjab Province. Journal of Policy Options, 1(3), 84-89.
Stoll, L., Bolam, R., McMahon, A., Wallace, M., & Thomas, S. (2006). Professional learning communities: A review of the literature. Journal of educational change, 7(4), 221-258.
Stoll, L., Bolam, R., McMahon, A., Wallace, M., Thomas, S. (2006). Professional learning communities: A review of the literature. Journal of Educational Change, 7(4), 221–258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-006-0001-8
Wang, T. (2016). School leadership and professional learning community: Case study of two senior high schools in Northeast China. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 36(2), 202–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2016.1148849
Warfield, J.D. (1973). Assault on Complexity, Battelle Monograph Number 3; Battelle Memorial Institute: Columbus, OH, USA, pp. 13–14.
Zhang, J., Pang, N. S.-K. (2016). Exploring the characteristics of professional learning communities in China: A mixed-method study. Asia Pacific Education Review, 25(1), 11–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-015-0228-3
Zhang, J., Yuan, R., Yu, S. (2017). What impedes the development of professional learning communities in China? Perceptions from leaders and frontline teachers in three schools in Shanghai. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 45(2), 219–237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143215617945