Unscrambling the Digital Dilemma: Navigating Techno-Stress in Pakistan's Banking Realm - A Journey into the Interplay of Thoughts, Emotions, and Commitments

Authors

  • Muhammad Mudassar Shahid Ph.D. Scholar, Institute of Business Administration, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan Author
  • Waleed Khalid Assistant Professor, Institute of Business Administration, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00397

Keywords:

Techno-stress, Techno-overload, Techno-invasion, Techno-complexity, Techno-insecurity, Techno-uncertainty, Career commitment, Emotional detachment, Rumination

Abstract

Pakistan's banking sector is at the forefront of digital transformation, but this progress comes with a hidden cost-techno-stress. Our study, designed with your professional needs, explores how information overload, work-life intrusion, and other tech-related anxieties impact employee well-being and commitment. We examine the prevalence of techno-stress and its links to negative thinking, emotional detachment, and career satisfaction. We aim to develop practical strategies to reduce techno-stress, fostering employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. Using surveys, we analyze how different forms of rumination affect mental health and productivity. We propose interventions to boost employee satisfaction and organizational efficiency by minimizing negative tech stressors and promoting healthy detachment. We analyze the complex relationships between techno-stress and related factors through rigorous methodology. This research underscores the need for context-specific solutions in Pakistan's banking sector, offering valuable insights and actionable recommendations to cultivate a supportive work environment that thrives alongside technological advancements. 

References

Abbas, J., & Dogan, E. (2022). The impacts of organizational green culture and corporate social responsibility on employees’ responsible behaviour towards the society. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(40), 60024-60034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20072-w

Abdelrady, A. H., & Akram, H. (2022). An empirical study of ClassPoint tool application in enhancing EFL students’ online learning satisfaction. Systems, 10(5), 154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/systems10050154

Ahmad, K., Safdar, A., & Amjad, A. (2018). Trade Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of applied economics, 28(1), 27-50.

Ahmad, U. N. U., Amin, S. M., & Ismail, W. K. W. (2014). Moderating effect of technostress inhibitors on the relationship between technostress creators and organisational commitment. Sains Humanika, 67(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v67.1932

Akram, H., & Abdelrady, A. H. (2023). Application of ClassPoint tool in reducing EFL learners’ test anxiety: an empirical evidence from Saudi Arabia. Journal of Computers in Education, 1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00265-z

Akram, H., Abdelrady, A. H., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Ramzan, M. (2022). Teachers’ perceptions of technology integration in teaching-learning practices: A systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 920317. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.920317

Akram, H., Aslam, S., Saleem, A., & Parveen, K. (2021). The challenges of online teaching in COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of public universities in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Information Technology Education Research, 20, 263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28945/4784

Akram, H., Bhutto, M. H., & Chughtai, M. S. (2022). An analysis of business students’ stressors and their coping strategies in the post-pandemic era. Decision, 49(2), 239-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-022-00319-8

Akram, H., Yingxiu, Y., Al-Adwan, A. S., & Alkhalifah, A. (2021). Technology Integration in Higher Education During COVID-19: An Assessment of Online Teaching Competencies Through Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 736522-736522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.736522

Alderman, B. L., Olson, R. L., Bates, M. E., Selby, E. A., Buckman, J. F., Brush, C. J., . . . Shors, T. J. (2015). Rumination in major depressive disorder is associated with impaired neural activation during conflict monitoring. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 9, 269. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00269

Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S. M., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Ryu, K. (2018). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research. International journal of contemporary hospitality management, 30(1), 514-538. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2016-0568

Alterman, R., Zito-Wolf, R., & Carpenter, T. (1998). Pragmatic action. Cognitive Science, 22(1), 53-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15516709cog2201_3

Araújo, R., Vázquez Calderón, F., Sánchez López, J., Azevedo, I. C., Bruhn, A., Fluch, S., . . . Laurans, M. (2021). Current status of the algae production industry in Europe: an emerging sector of the blue bioeconomy. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 626389. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.626389

Aryee, S., & Tan, K. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of career commitment. Journal of vocational Behavior, 40(3), 288-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8791(92)90052-2

Audi, M., & Al Masri, R. (2024). Examining the Impacts of Regulatory Framework on Risk in Commercial Banks in Emerging Economies. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 7(2), 10-19.

Bandura, A., & Cervone, D. (1986). Differential engagement of self-reactive influences in cognitive motivation. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 38(1), 92-113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(86)90028-2

Bianchi, R., & Schonfeld, I. S. (2016). Burnout is associated with a depressive cognitive style. Personality and Individual Differences, 100, 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.008

Blau, G. J. (1985). The measurement and prediction of career commitment. Journal of occupational Psychology, 58(4), 277-288. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1985.tb00201.x

Boyle, E. A., MacArthur, E. W., Connolly, T. M., Hainey, T., Manea, M., Kärki, A., & Van Rosmalen, P. (2014). A narrative literature review of games, animations and simulations to teach research methods and statistics. Computers & Education, 74, 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.004

Brave, S., Nass, C., & Hutchinson, K. (2005). Computers that care: investigating the effects of orientation of emotion exhibited by an embodied computer agent. International journal of human-computer studies, 62(2), 161-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.11.002

Brosschot, J. F., Gerin, W., & Thayer, J. F. (2006). The perseverative cognition hypothesis: A review of worry, prolonged stress-related physiological activation, and health. Journal of psychosomatic research, 60(2), 113-124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2005.06.074

Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 97(2), 117-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002

Burchell, J. (2001). Evolving or conforming? Assessing organisational reform within European green parties. West European Politics, 24(3), 113-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380108425455

Califf, C. B., & Brooks, S. (2020). An empirical study of techno-stressors, literacy facilitation, burnout, and turnover intention as experienced by K-12 teachers. Computers & Education, 157, 103971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103971

Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic Internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in human behavior, 26(5), 1089-1097. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012

Carson, K. D., & Bedeian, A. G. (1994). Career commitment: Construction of a measure and examination of its psychometric properties. Journal of vocational Behavior, 44(3), 237-262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1017

Chandra, S., Shirish, A., & Srivastava, S. C. (2019). Does technostress inhibit employee innovation? Examining the linear and curvilinear influence of technostress creators. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 44(1), 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.04419

Chen, Z., & Ramzan, M. (2024). Analyzing the role of Facebook-based e-portfolio on motivation and performance in English as a second language learning. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 13(2), 123-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55493/5019.v13i2.5002

Choi, S. (2018). Managing flexible work arrangements in government: Testing the effects of institutional and managerial support. Public Personnel Management, 47(1), 26-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026017738540

Christian, M., Purwanto, E., & Wibowo, S. (2020). Technostress creators on teaching performance of private universities in Jakarta during Covid-19 pandemic. Technology Reports of Kansai University, 62(6), 2799-2809.

Conway, M., Csank, P. A., Holm, S. L., & Blake, C. K. (2000). On assessing individual differences in rumination on sadness. Journal of personality assessment, 75(3), 404-425. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7503_04

Cooney, R. E., Joormann, J., Eugène, F., Dennis, E. L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2010). Neural correlates of rumination in depression. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10(4), 470-478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/CABN.10.4.470

Cranor, L. F., & Garfinkel, S. (2005). Security and usability: designing secure systems that people can use. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.".

Cropley, A. (2006). In praise of convergent thinking. Creativity research journal, 18(3), 391-404. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15326934crj1803_13

Cropley, M., Michalianou, G., Pravettoni, G., & Millward, L. J. (2012). The relation of post‐work ruminative thinking with eating behaviour. Stress and Health, 28(1), 23-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1397

Cutter, S. L. (2003). The vulnerability of science and the science of vulnerability. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 93(1), 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8306.93101

Das, L. (2024). Tax Revenue and Economic Performance in Malaysia: A Time Series Analysis. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 7(2), 33-40.

de Souza Bido, D., & Da Silva, D. (2019). SmartPLS 3: especificação, estimação, avaliação e relato. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 20(2), 488-536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13058/raep.2019.v20n2.1545

Denson, T. F., Pedersen, W. C., Friese, M., Hahm, A., & Roberts, L. (2011). Understanding impulsive aggression: Angry rumination and reduced self-control capacity are mechanisms underlying the provocation-aggression relationship. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 37(6), 850-862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167211401420

Depoorter, B. (2008). Technology and uncertainty: the shaping effect on copyright law. U. Pa. L. Rev., 157, 1831.

Dey, A., Schlegel, D. J., Lang, D., Blum, R., Burleigh, K., Fan, X., . . . Juneau, S. (2019). Overview of the DESI legacy imaging surveys. The Astronomical Journal, 157(5), 168. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab089d

Dourish, P. (2001). Where the action is: the foundations of embodied interaction. MIT press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/7221.001.0001

Ehsan, M., & Ali, K. (2019). Online Reputation of Selected Car Brands. International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development, 4(6), 32-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.46.2003

Elhai, J. D., Dvorak, R. D., Levine, J. C., & Hall, B. J. (2017). Problematic smartphone use: A conceptual overview and systematic review of relations with anxiety and depression psychopathology. Journal of affective disorders, 207, 251-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.030

Fauscette, M., & Perry, R. (2014). Simplifying IT to drive better business outcomes and improved ROI: Introducing the IT complexity index. International Data Corporation.

Festinger, L. (1957). Social comparison theory. Selective Exposure Theory, 16, 401.

Florida, R. (2014). The creative class and economic development. Economic development quarterly, 28(3), 196-205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0891242414541693

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. In: Sage publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3150980

Green, F., & McIntosh, S. (2001). The intensification of work in Europe. Labour Economics, 8(2), 291-308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0927-5371(01)00027-6

Hall, R. (1996). Representation as shared activity: Situated cognition and Dewey's cartography of experience. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 5(3), 209-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0503_3

Harris, K. J., Harris, R. B., Valle, M., Carlson, J., Carlson, D. S., Zivnuska, S., & Wiley, B. (2022). Technostress and the entitled employee: impacts on work and family. Information Technology & People, 35(3), 1073-1095. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-07-2019-0348

Hauk, N., Göritz, A. S., & Krumm, S. (2019). The mediating role of coping behavior on the age-technostress relationship: A longitudinal multilevel mediation model. PloS one, 14(3), e0213349. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213349

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Holtskog, H., Lied, L. H., & Ringen, G. (2018). Coping with technology: A future of robots? In Coping with the Future (pp. 151-165). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203712894-10

Horwood, S., & Anglim, J. (2019). Problematic smartphone usage and subjective and psychological well-being. Computers in human behavior, 97, 44-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.02.028

Hudiburg, R. A. (1989). Psychology of computer use: VII. Measuring technostress: Computer-related stress. Psychological Reports, 64(3), 767-772. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.767

Jan, M. F., ÖZYER, K., Jan, M. F., Akram, H., Safdar, M. Z., & Azizoglu, O. (2022). The Effect of Big Five Personality Traits on Leader Member Exchange and Organization Citizenship Behavior in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Universities. Central European Management Journal, 30(3), 131-155.

Joinson, A. (1998). Causes and implications of disinhibited behavior on the Internet.

Kock, N. (2004). The psychobiological model: Towards a new theory of computer-mediated communication based on Darwinian evolution. Organization science, 15(3), 327-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1040.0071

Kohn, J. W., McGinnis, M. A., & Kara, A. (2011). A structural equation model assessment of logistics strategy. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 22(3), 284-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09574091111181336

Košir, K., Tement, S., Licardo, M., & Habe, K. (2015). Two sides of the same coin? The role of rumination and reflection in elementary school teachers' classroom stress and burnout. Teaching and Teacher Education, 47, 131-141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2015.01.006

Koster, E. H., De Lissnyder, E., Derakshan, N., & De Raedt, R. (2011). Understanding depressive rumination from a cognitive science perspective: The impaired disengagement hypothesis. Clinical psychology review, 31(1), 138-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.08.005

La Torre, G., Esposito, A., Sciarra, I., & Chiappetta, M. (2019). Definition, symptoms and risk of techno-stress: a systematic review. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 92, 13-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1352-1

Lau, T.-C., Choe, K.-L., & Tan, L.-P. (2013). The moderating effect of religiosity in the relationship between money ethics and tax evasion. Asian Social Science, 9(11), 213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v9n11P213

Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. Springer publishing company.

Levy, D., & Henry, M. (2003). A comparative analysis of US, UK and Australian published property research methodologies and methods. Pacific rim property research journal, 9(2), 148-162.

Li, S., & Akram, H. (2023). Do emotional regulation behaviors matter in EFL teachers' professional development?: A process model approach. Porta Linguarum: revista internacional de didáctica de las lenguas extranjeras, (9), 273-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi2023c.29654

Li, Y., Chan Kong Ngai, T., Zhou, S., Yap Haw Hwong, J., Pang Pei Ping, E., Ong Li Kuan, A., . . . Nei, W. L. (2021). A comparative analysis between low-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy for low-and intermediate-risk prostate cancer in Asian men. Acta Oncologica, 60(10), 1291-1295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2021.1950921

Martin, R. C., & Dahlen, E. R. (2005). Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger. Personality and Individual Differences, 39(7), 1249-1260. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.06.004

Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397

Moberly, N. J., & Watkins, E. R. (2008). Ruminative self-focus and negative affect: an experience sampling study. Journal of abnormal psychology, 117(2), 314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.117.2.314

Nijp, H. H., Beckers, D. G., Geurts, S. A., Tucker, P., & Kompier, M. A. (2012). Systematic review on the association between employee worktime control and work-non-work balance, health and well-being, and job-related outcomes. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 299-313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3307

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the duration of depressive episodes. Journal of abnormal psychology, 100(4), 569. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.100.4.569

Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2000). The role of rumination in depressive disorders and mixed anxiety/depressive symptoms. Journal of abnormal psychology, 109(3), 504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843X.109.3.504

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Morrow, J. (1993). Effects of rumination and distraction on naturally occurring depressed mood. Cognition & emotion, 7(6), 561-570. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939308409206

Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Stice, E., Wade, E., & Bohon, C. (2007). Reciprocal relations between rumination and bulimic, substance abuse, and depressive symptoms in female adolescents. Journal of abnormal psychology, 116(1), 198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.116.1.198

Noor, N., Akram, H., & Kamran, M. (2021). Preferred reasons in selecting teaching profession as a life career: a case study of pre-service teachers. Pakistan Journal of Educational Research, 4(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52337/pjer.v4i1.52

Papageorgiou, C., & Wells, A. (2003). An empirical test of a clinical metacognitive model of rumination and depression. Cognitive therapy and research, 27, 261-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023962332399

Porcari, D. E., Ricciardi, E., & Orfei, M. D. (2023). A new scale to assess technostress levels in an Italian banking context: the Work-Related Technostress Questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1253960. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1253960

Pyszczynski, T., Greenberg, J., & Goldenberg, J. L. (2003). Freedom versus fear: On the defense, growth, and expansion of the self.

Ragu-Nathan, T., Tarafdar, M., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Tu, Q. (2008). The consequences of technostress for end users in organizations: Conceptual development and empirical validation. Information systems research, 19(4), 417-433. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0165

Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., & Memon, M. A. (2018). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using smartPLS 3.0. An updated guide and practical guide to statistical analysis, 978-967.

Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Fatima, M. (2023). Empowering ESL Students: Harnessing the Potential of Social Media to Enhance Academic Motivation in Higher Education. Global Digital & Print Media Review, VI, 224-237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/gdpmr.2023(VI-II).15

Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., Kareem, A., & Mobeen, S. (2023). Amplifying Classroom Enjoyment and Cultivating Positive Learning Attitudes among ESL Learners. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(2), 2298-2308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2023.1102.0522

Ramzan, M., Mushtaq, A., & Ashraf, Z. (2023). Evacuation of Difficulties and Challenges for Academic Writing in ESL Learning. University of Chitral Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 7(I), 42-49.

Ramzan, M., Oteir, I., Khan, M. A., Al-Otaibi, A., & Malik, S. (2023). English learning motivation of ESL learners from ethnic, gender, and cultural perspectives in sustainable development goals. International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 12(3), 195-212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55493/5019.v12i3.4840

Ricarte, J., Ros, L., Serrano, J. P., Martínez-Lorca, M., & Latorre, J. M. (2016). Age differences in rumination and autobiographical retrieval. Aging & Mental Health, 20(10), 1063-1069. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1060944

Riedl, R. (2012). On the biology of technostress: literature review and research agenda. ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, 44(1), 18-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2436239.2436242

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Raithel, S., & Gudergan, S. P. (2014). In pursuit of understanding what drives fan satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 46(4), 419-447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222216.2014.11950335

Serani, C. (2024). Dynamics of Money Demand and Supply in the US Economy. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 7(2), 20-26.

Sinclair-Desgagné, B., & Soubeyran, A. (2000). A Theory of Routines as Mindsavers, 52. Montréal. In.

Skinner, E. A. (1996). A guide to constructs of control. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(3), 549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.71.3.549

Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2007). The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work. Journal of occupational health psychology, 12(3), 204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.204

Tarafdar, M., Tu, Q., Ragu-Nathan, B. S., & Ragu-Nathan, T. (2007). The impact of technostress on role stress and productivity. Journal of management information systems, 24(1), 301-328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2753/MIS0742-1222240109

Vandevala, T., Pavey, L., Chelidoni, O., Chang, N.-F., Creagh-Brown, B., & Cox, A. (2017). Psychological rumination and recovery from work in intensive care professionals: associations with stress, burnout, depression and health. Journal of intensive care, 5, 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-017-0209-0

VanVoorhis, C. W., & Morgan, B. L. (2007). Understanding power and rules of thumb for determining sample sizes. Tutorials in quantitative methods for psychology, 3(2), 43-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20982/tqmp.03.2.p043

Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103573

Weil, M. M., & Rosen, L. D. (1997). Technostress: Coping with technology@ work@ home@ play (Vol. 13). J. Wiley New York.

Wiener, D. N. (1948). Subtle and obvious keys for the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 12(3), 164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055594

Wu, J., Guo, S., Zhang, W., Shin, D., & Song, M. (2022). Techno-invasion and job satisfaction in China: The roles of boundary preference for segmentation and marital status. Human Systems Management, 41(6), 655-670. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/HSM-211595

Wu, J., Wang, N., Mei, W., & Liu, L. (2020). Technology-induced job anxiety during non-work time: Examining conditional effect of techno-invasion on job anxiety. International Journal of Networking and Virtual Organisations, 22(2), 162-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJNVO.2020.105520

Xie, Y., Kong, Y., Yang, J., & Chen, F. (2019). Perfectionism, worry, rumination, and distress: A meta-analysis of the evidence for the perfectionism cognition theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 139, 301-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.028

Yellowlees, P. M., & Marks, S. (2007). Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction? Computers in human behavior, 23(3), 1447-1453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2005.05.004

Zaleski, W. A., HILL, A., & Kushniruk, W. (1973). Skin lesions in tyrosinosis: response to dietary treatment. British Journal of Dermatology, 88(4), 335-340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07562.x

Zhang, X., Zhou, X., Lin, M., & Sun, J. (2018). Shufflenet: An extremely efficient convolutional neural network for mobile devices. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2018.00716

Zhao, Y., Song, Z., Chen, J., & Dai, W. (2023). The mediating effect of urbanisation on digital technology policy and economic development: Evidence from China. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(1), 100318. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100318

Downloads

Published

2024-06-01

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Shahid, M. M. ., & Khalid, W. . (2024). Unscrambling the Digital Dilemma: Navigating Techno-Stress in Pakistan’s Banking Realm - A Journey into the Interplay of Thoughts, Emotions, and Commitments. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 13(2), 825-837. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00397