The effect of Sleep Deprivation on Cognitive Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00577Keywords:
Sleep deprivation, cognitive performanceAbstract
A lack of sleep, or sleep deprivation (SD), is a widespread phenomenon that can induce adverse changes in cognitive performance. Sleep deprivation can have significant effects on memory and cognitive function, which is a major concern for students. Correlational research design was used to conduct this quantitative research. Survey was administered with closed ended questionnaires as method of data collection. Convenient sampling technique was employed to select the sample of study 100 (male=50, female=50) college students. Findings of the study reveal that there is significant positive correlation between sleep deprivation, forgetfulness distractibility and false triggering. Moreover, females reported greater level of sleep deprivation, forgetfulness distractibility and false triggering as compared to male students. The study might also suggest that organizations (like schools, workplaces, or healthcare settings) consider the cognitive impacts of sleep deprivation in their policies. For instance, allowing for more breaks, nap opportunities, or prioritizing sleep education might enhance cognitive performance in high-stakes environments.
References
Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P., & Parkes, K. R. (1982). The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British journal of clinical psychology, 21(1), 1-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x
Costa, A., & Pereira, T. (2019). The effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance. European Journal of Public Health, 29(Supplement_1), ckz034-096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz034.096
Csipo, T., Lipecz, A., Owens, C., Mukli, P., Perry, J. W., Tarantini, S., ... & Yabluchanskiy, A. (2021). Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance, alters task-associated cerebral blood flow and decreases cortical neurovascular coupling-related hemodynamic responses. Scientific reports, 11(1), 20994. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00188-8
Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., & De Gennaro, L. (2006). Sleep loss, learning capacity and academic performance. Sleep medicine reviews, 10(5), 323-337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2005.11.001
Deboer, T., Vansteensel, M. J., Détári, L., & Meijer, J. H. (2003). Sleep states alter activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. Nature neuroscience, 6(10), 1086-1090. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1122
Doran, S. M., Van Dongen, H. P., & Dinges, D. F. (2001). Sustained attention performance during sleep deprivation: evidence of state instability. Archives italiennes de biologie, 139(3), 253-267.
Gunzelmann, G., Gross, J. B., Gluck, K. A., & Dinges, D. F. (2009). Sleep deprivation and sustained attention performance: Integrating mathematical and cognitive modeling. Cognitive science, 33(5), 880-910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01032.x
Henry, J. (2022). Life Cycle Thinking and Eco-Design: An Overview. Journal of Policy Options, 5(3), 30-37.
Hilmisson, H., Sveinsdottir, E., Lange, N., & Magnusdottir, S. (2019). Insomnia symptoms in primary care: A prospective study focusing on prevalence of undiagnosed co-morbid sleep disordered breathing. European journal of internal medicine, 63, 19-26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2019.01.011
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., ... & Hillard, P. J. A. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep health, 1(1), 40-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010
Hossain, J. L., & Shapiro, C. M. (2002). The prevalence, cost implications, and management of sleep disorders: an overview. Sleep and Breathing, 6(02), 085-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-32322
Ibrahim, M., & Rasheed, A. (2024). Exploring the Link Between Customer Relationship Management and Hotel Performance. Journal of Policy Options, 7(1), 1-10.
Ismail, K., & Ali, B. (2020). Understanding the Nexus of Job Satisfaction, Job-Related Stress, and Employee Performance: A Study in the Nursing Sector of Lahore, Pakistan. Journal of Policy Options, 3(1), 26-34.
Kwong, A. C., Cassé-Perrot, C., Costes-Salon, M. C., Jouve, E., Lanteaume, L., Audebert, C., ... & Micallef, J. (2020). An alzheimer disease challenge model: 24-hour sleep deprivation in healthy volunteers, impact on working memory, and reversal effect of pharmacological intervention: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Journal of clinical psychopharmacology, 40(3), 222-230. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0000000000001199
Lim, J., & Dinges, D. F. (2008). Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1129(1), 305-322. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1417.002
Lo, J. C., Groeger, J. A., Santhi, N., Arbon, E. L., Lazar, A. S., Hasan, S., ... & Dijk, D. J. (2012). Effects of partial and acute total sleep deprivation on performance across cognitive domains, individuals and circadian phase. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045987
Lo, J. C., Ong, J. L., Leong, R. L., Gooley, J. J., & Chee, M. W. (2016). Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: the need for sleep study. Sleep, 39(3), 687-698. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5552
Lowe, C. J., Safati, A., & Hall, P. A. (2017). The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: a meta-analytic review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 80, 586-604. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.010
Makarem, N., Shechter, A., Carnethon, M. R., Mullington, J. M., Hall, M. H., & Abdalla, M. (2019). Sleep duration and blood pressure: recent advances and future directions. Current hypertension reports, 21, 1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-019-0938-7
Musa, A. (2024). Impact of Ownership Structures on Financial Performance and Distress in Businesses. Journal of Policy Options, 7(3), 30-38.
Peng, Z., Dai, C., Ba, Y., Zhang, L., Shao, Y., & Tian, J. (2020). Effect of sleep deprivation on the working memory-related N2-P3 components of the event-related potential waveform. Frontiers in neuroscience, 14, 469. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00469
Philibert, I. (2005). Sleep loss and performance in residents and nonphysicians: a meta-analytic examination. Sleep, 28(11), 1392-1402. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/28.11.1392
Pilcher, J. J., & Huffcutt, A. I. (1996). Effects of sleep deprivation on performance: a meta-analysis. Sleep, 19(4), 318-326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/19.4.318
Raidy, D. J., & Scharff, L. F. (2005). Effects of sleep deprivation on auditory and visual memory tasks. Perceptual and motor skills, 101(2), 451-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.101.2.451-467
Rasheed, L. (2020). The Role of Social Support and Work Engagement in Enhancing Job Performance among Secondary School Teachers: A Quantitative Study in Lahore District. Journal of Policy Options, 3(4), 124-129.
Roth, T. (2005). Prevalence, associated risks, and treatment patterns of insomnia. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66(Suppl 9), 1-13.
Schutte-Rodin, S., Broch, L., Buysse, D., Dorsey, C., & Sateia, M. (2008). Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Journal of clinical sleep medicine, 4(5), 487-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.27286
Shahid, A., Wilkinson, K., Marcu, S., & Shapiro, C. M. (Eds.). (2012). STOP, THAT and one hundred other sleep scales. Springer Science & Business Media. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9893-4
Stickgold, R., & Walker, M. P. (2007). Sleep-dependent memory consolidation and reconsolidation. Sleep medicine, 8(4), 331-343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2007.03.011
Thomas, M., Sing, H., Belenky, G., Holcomb, H., Mayberg, H., Dannals, R., ... & Redmond, D. (2000). Neural basis of alertness and cognitive performance impairments during sleepiness. I. Effects of 24 h of sleep deprivation on waking human regional brain activity. Journal of sleep research, 9(4), 335-352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x
Vandewalle, G., Archer, S. N., Wuillaume, C., Balteau, E., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A., ... & Dijk, D. J. (2009). Functional magnetic resonance imaging-assessed brain responses during an executive task depend on interaction of sleep homeostasis, circadian phase, and PER3 genotype. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(25), 7948-7956. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0229-09.2009
Wei, H. G., Riel, E., Czeisler, C. A., & Dijk, D. J. (1999). Attenuated amplitude of circadian and sleep-dependent modulation of electroencephalographic sleep spindle characteristics in elderly human subjects. Neuroscience letters, 260(1), 29-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3940(98)00851-9
Williamson, A. M., & Feyer, A. M. (2000). Moderate sleep deprivation produces impairments in cognitive and motor performance equivalent to legally prescribed levels of alcohol intoxication. Occupational and environmental medicine, 57(10), 649-655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.10.649
Yoo, S. S., Hu, P. T., Gujar, N., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007). A deficit in the ability to form new human memories without sleep. Nature neuroscience, 10(3), 385-392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1851
