DOES ECONOMIC GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH AND ENERGY USE IMPACT CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN PAKISTAN? AN ARDL APPROACH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61506/Keywords:
CO2Emissions, GDP, ARDLAbstract
This study shows the impact of four major contributors GDP growth, Population growth, and Energy use on carbon-dioxide emissions in Pakistan. This research reviews a period of 46 years beginning from 1971 to 2017. Time series data is acquired for this purpose from WDI. The technique used here to determine the short run and long run impacts is ARDL. ADF approved the stationarity of data at a 5 % level of significance. ECM validates the co-integration among the variables. while CUSUM, CUSUMSQ, and RAMSEY RESET test displayed the stability and correct specification of the model. Therefore, empirically above-mentioned variables are statistically valid and render positive impact on CO2 excretion both in the transitory and at length regarding Pakistan.
References
Ahmad, N., & Du, L. (2017). Effects of energy production and CO2 emissions on economic growth in Iran: ARDL
approach. Energy, 123, 521-537.
Ahmed, K., & Ali, A. (2016). Rising Population and Food Insecurity Linkages in Pakistan: Testing Malthusian
Population Growth Theory. International Journal of Economics and Empirical, 4 (1), 1-8.
Ali, A. & Naeem, M.Z. (2017). Trade Liberalization and Fiscal Management of Pakistan: A Brief Overview. Policy
Brief-Department of Economics, PU, Lahore. 2017 (1), 1-6.
Ali, A. (2011). Disaggregated import demand functions of Pakistan; An empirical Analysis. M-Phil Thesis, NCBA&E, Lahore, Pakistan, 1-70.
Ali, A. (2015). The impact of macroeconomic instability on social progress: an empirical analysis of Pakistan. (Doctoral dissertation, National College of Business Administration & Economics Lahore).
Ali, A. (2018). Issue of Income Inequality Under the Perceptive of Macroeconomic Instability: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 56(1), 121-155.
Ali, A. and Bibi, C. (2017). Determinants of Social Progress and its Scenarios under the role of Macroeconomic
Instability: Empirics from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review 55 (2), 505-540.
Ali, A. Audi, M. & Roussel, Y. (2021). Economic Misery, Urbanization and Life Expectancy in MENA Nations: An
Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(5), 17-27.
Ali, A., & Ahmad, K. (2014). The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Life Expectancy in Sultanate of Oman: An
Empirical Analysis. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 218-224.
Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2016). The Impact of Income Inequality, Environmental Degradation and Globalization on Life Expectancy in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 4 (4), 182-193.
Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2018). Macroeconomic Environment and Taxes Revenues in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(1), 30-39.
Ali, A., & Rehman, H. U. (2015). Macroeconomic instability and its impact on the gross domestic produc t: an
empirical analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 285-316.
Ali, A., & Şenturk, İ. (2019). Justifying the Impact of Economic Deprivation, Maternal Status and Health infrastructure
on Under-Five Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics,
(3), 140-154.
Ali, A., & Zulfiqar, K. (2018). An Assessment of Association between Natural Resources Agglomeration and
Unemployment in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 19(1), 110-126.
Ali, A., Ahmed, F., & Rahman, F. U. (2016). Impact of Government Borrowing on Financial Development (A case study of Pakistan). Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(3), 135-143.
Ali, A., Audi, M., & Roussel, Y. (2021). Natural Resources Depletion, Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing World. International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 11(3), 251-260.
Ali, A., Audi, M., Bibi, C., & Roussel, Y. (2021). The Impact of Gender Inequality and Environm ental Degradation on Human Well-Being in The Case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(2), 92-99.
Ali, A., Mujahid, N., Rashid, Y., & Shahbaz, M. (2015). Human capital outflow and economic misery: Fresh evidence for Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 747-764.
Arshad, S., & Ali, A. (2016). Trade-off between Inflation, Interest and Unemployment Rate of Pakistan: Revisited.
Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(4), 193-209.
Ashraf, I., & Ali, A. (2018). Socio-Economic Well-Being and Women Status in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis.
Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(2), 46-58.
Audi, M & Ali, A. (2017). Socio-Economic Status and Life Expectancy in Lebanon: An Empirical Analysis. Archives of Business Research, 5(11), 159-170
Audi, M. & Ali, A. (2017). Environmental Degradation, Energy consumption, Population Density and Economic Development in Lebanon: A time series Analysis (1971-2014). Journal of International Finance and Economics, 17(1), 7-20.
Audi, M. Ali, A. & Roussel, Y. (2021). Aggregate and Disaggregate Natural Resources Agglomeration and Foreign
Direct Investment in France. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(1), 147-156. Audi, M., & Ali, A. (2016). A Causality and Co-integration Analysis of Some Selected Socio-Economic Determinants
of Fertility: Empirics from Tunisia. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(1), 20-36.
Audi, M., Ali, A. & Roussel, Y. (2021). The advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
and economic development: a panel analysis. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change,
(4), 1013-1039.
Baig, M. A., & Baig, M. A. (2014). Impact of CO2 emissions: Evidence from Pakistan. Institute of Business
Management.
Brown, R. L., J. Durbin, and J. M. Evans. (1975). Techniques for Testing the Constancy of Regression Relations Over
Time. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 37, 149–163.
Haider, A., & Ali, A. (2015). Socio-economic determinants of crimes: a cross-sectional study of Punjab districts.
International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 3(11), 550-560.
Işik, C., Kasımatı, E., & Ongan, S. (2017). Analyzing the causalities between economic growth, financial development, international trade, tourism expenditure and on the CO2 emissions in Greece. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(7), 665-673.
Kassem, M. Ali, A. & Audi, M. (2019). Unemployment Rate, Population Density and Crime Rate in Punjab (Pakistan): An Empirical Analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 8(2), 92-104.
Kebede, S. (2017). Modeling energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth nexus in Ethiopia: evidence from ARDL approach to cointegration and causality analysis.
Khan, M. K., Khan, M. I., & Rehan, M. (2020). The relationship between energy consumption, economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan. Financial Innovation, 6(1), 1-13.
Khan, M. K., Teng, J. Z., & Khan, M. I. (2019). Effect of energy consumption and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in Pakistan with dynamic ARDL simulations approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26(23), 23480-23490.
Mansoor, A., & Sultana, B. (2018). Impact of population, GDP and energy consumption on carbon emissions:
evidence from Pakistan using an analytic tool IPAT. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical
Research, 5(2), 183-190.
Mikayilov, J. I., Galeotti, M., & Hasanov, F. J. (2018). The impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions in
Azerbaijan. Journal of Cleaner Production, 197, 1558-1572.
Muhammad, S., Lean, H. H., & Muhammad, S. S. (2011). Environmental Kuznets curve and the role of energy consumption in Pakistan.
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
Raggad, B. (2018). Carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, energy use, and urbanization in Saudi Arabia: evidence from the ARDL approach and impulse saturation break tests. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(15), 14882-14898.
Rahman, M. M., & Kashem, M. A. (2017). Carbon emissions, energy consumption and industrial growth in
Bangladesh: Empirical evidence from ARDL cointegration and Granger causality analysis. Energy
Policy, 110, 600-608.
Roussell, Y, Ali, Ali. and Audi, M. (2021). Measuring the Money Demand in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis.
Bulletin of Business and Economics, 10(1), 27-41.
Sajid, A. & Ali, A. (2018). Inclusive Growth and Macroeconomic Situations in South Asia: An Empirical Analysis.
Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(3), 97-109.
Şenturk, İ & Ali, A. (2021). Socioeconomic Determinants of Gender-Specific Life Expectancy in Turkey: A Time
Series Analysis. Sosyoekonomi, 29(49), 85-111.
Sulaiman, C., & Abdul-Rahim, A. S. (2018). Population growth and CO2 emission in Nigeria: a recursive ARDL
approach. Sage Open, 8(2), 2158244018765916.
Sulehri, F. A., & Ali, A. (2020). Impact of Political Uncertainty on Pakistan Stock Exchange: An Event Study
Approach. Journal of Advanced Studies in Finance, 11(2), 194-207.
Udara Wilhelm Abeydeera, L. H., Wadu Mesthrige, J., & Samarasinghalage, T. I. (2019). Global research on carbon emissions: A scientometric review. Sustainability, 11(14), 39-72.