CAUSALITY ARDL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EXPANSION FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND EXPORTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE COUNTRIES (MINT)

Authors

  • HASSAN AJMAL COMSATS University, Islamabad Author
  • AMNA KHALID COMSATS University, Islamabad Author

Keywords:

MINT countries, FDI, Bounds testing approach, causality, export, economic growth

Abstract

FDI is favorable or not for the newly emerging economies the purpose of the research is to check the overall assistance of FDI so I have chosen the MINT countries for the analysis and done the time series analysis of these MINT countries and MINT countries include Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey and the technique used to find the bounding and assistance is ARDL bound test and the other is granger causality test the variable used to find the results are GDP, FDI, and Exports of goods and services and the data is taken from the year 1970-2019 so the findings of our research show that bound test rejects Ho means null hypothesis shows all the long-run relationship among these variables and the granger test shows that the relation between GDP to FDI in the case of Indonesia will reject Ho so after analysis we conclude that there is only one granger causality can be caused and this causality is unidirectional from GDP to FDI in the case of Indonesia only.

References

Ajmal, H. (2020). (2020). Exploring the linkages between investment and economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan. Bulletin of Business and Economics. 9(2), 85–91.

Ahmad, K. Ali, A. & Ali, A. (2018). Trade Revenue Implications of Trade Liberalization in Pakistan. Pakistan

Journal of Applied Economics, 27-50.

Ahmed, K., & Ali, A. (2016). Rising Population and Food Insecurity Linkages in Pakistan: Testing Malthusian

Population Growth Theory. International Journal of Economics and Empirical, 4 (1), 1-8.

Ali, A. & Naeem, M.Z. (2017). Trade Liberalization and Fiscal Management of Pakistan: A Brief Overview. Policy

Brief-Department of Economics, PU, Lahore. 2017 (1), 1-6.

Ali, A. (2011). Disaggregated import demand functions of Pakistan; An empirical Analysis. M-Phil Thesis, NCBA&E, Lahore, Pakistan, 1-70.

Ali, A. (2015). The impact of macroeconomic instability on social progress: an empirical analysis of Pakistan. (Doctoral dissertation, National College of Business Administration & Economics Lahore).

Ali, A. (2018). Issue of Income Inequality Under the Perceptive of Macroeconomic Instability: An Empirical

Analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 56(1), 121-155.

Ali, A. and Bibi, C. (2017). Determinants of Social Progress and its Scenarios under the role of Macroeconomic

Instability: Empirics from Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review 55 (2), 505-540.

Ali, A. Audi, M. Bibi, C. & Roussel, Y. (2021). The Impact of Gender Inequality and Environmental Degradation on Human Well-being in the Case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(2), 92-99

Ali, A., & Ahmad, K. (2014). The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Life Expectancy in Sultanate of Oman: An

Empirical Analysis. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 218-224.

Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2016). The Impact of Income Inequality, Environmental Degradation and Globalization on Life Expectancy in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 4 (4), 182-193.

Ali, A., & Audi, M. (2018). Macroeconomic Environment and Taxes Revenues in Pakistan: An Application of

ARDL Approach. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(1), 30-39.

Ali, A., & Rehman, H. U. (2015). Macroeconomic instability and its impact on the gross domestic product: an empirical analysis of Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 285-316.

Ali, A., & Şenturk, I. (2019). Justifying the Impact of Economic Deprivation, Maternal Status and Health infrastructure on Under-Five Child Mortality in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. Bulletin of Business and Economics, 8(3), 140-154.

Ali, A., & Zulfiqar, K. (2018). An Assessment of Association between Natural Resources Agglomeration and

Unemployment in Pakistan. Pakistan Vision, 19(1), 110-126.

Ali, A., Ahmed, F., & Rahman, F. U. (2016). Impact of Government Borrowing on Financial Development (A case study of Pakistan). Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(3), 135-143.

Ali, A., Mujahid, N., Rashid, Y., & Shahbaz, M. (2015). Human capital outflow and economic misery: Fresh evidence for Pakistan. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 747-764.

Ali, N. & Mingque, Y. (2018). Does Foreign Direct Investment Lead to Economic Growth ? Evidences from Asian

Developing Countries. 10(3), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n3p109

Ali, N. & Xialing, L. (2017). Foreign Direct Investment , International Trade and Economic Growth in Pakistan ’ s

Economic Perspective. August. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.economics.20170705.02

Alvarado, R., Iñiguez, M., & Ponce, P. (2017). Foreign direct investment and economic growth in Latin America.

, 176–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2017.09.006

Arshad, S., & Ali, A. (2016). Trade-off between Inflation, Interest and Unemployment Rate of Pakistan: Revisited.

Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(4), 193-209.

Ashraf, I., & Ali, A. (2018). Socio-Economic Well-Being and Women Status in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis.

Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 7(2), 46-58.

Asongu, S., Akpan, U. S., & Isihak, S. R. (2018). Determinants of foreign direct investment in fast-growing

economies : evidence from the BRICS and MINT countries.

Audi, M & Ali, A. (2017). Socio-Economic Status and Life Expectancy in Lebanon: An Empirical Analysis.

Archives of Business Research, 5(11), 159-170

Audi, M. & Ali, A. (2017). Environmental Degradation, Energy consumption, Population Density and Economic Development in Lebanon: A time series Analysis (1971-2014). Journal of International Finance and Economics, 17(1), 7-20.

Audi, M. Ali, A. & Roussel, Y. (2021). Aggregate and Disaggregate Natural Resources Agglomeration and Foreign

Direct Investment in France. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 11(1), 147-156. Audi, M., & Ali, A. (2016). A Causality and Co-integration Analysis of Some Selected Socio-Economic

Determinants of Fertility: Empirics from Tunisia. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 5(1), 20-

Business, I. (2017). Research in International Business and Finance Foreign direct investment , exports and economic growth : ADRL and causality analysis for South Africa. 41(April), 434–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.04.035

Caesar, A. E., Haibo, C., Udimal, T. B., & Osei-agyemang, A. (2018). Foreign Direct Investment , Growth of

Output Indicators and Economic Growth in China : Empirical Evidence on Causal Links. January. Carbonell, J. B., Werner, R. A., & Werner, R. A. (2018). Applied to Spain Approach Applied to Spain. Economic

Geography, 94(4), 425–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2017.1393312

Countries, W. A., & Velonjara, H. M. (2019). Economic and Social Thought. 6(September).

Dinh, T. S., Nguyen, C. P., & Schinckus, C. (2019). Impact of foreign direct investment , trade openness and economic institutions on growth in emerging countries : The case of Vietnam. October. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2019/12-3/20

Engle, R. F., & Granger, C. W. J. (1987). Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and

Testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251–276. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913236

Fan, H., & Wang, B. (2018). The impact of foreign direct investment inflows on economic growth : evidence from

Bangladesh. 12(2).

Fanbasten, N. (2016). Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment : A panel data analysis of the MINT countries. Governance, A. (n.d.). A G D I Working Paper. 1–24.

Harun, P., & Çukurova, B. (2017). Export-led Growth Hypothesis in MINT Countries : A Panel Cointegration

Analysis. 36–42.

Iamsiraroj, S. (2016). The foreign direct investment – economic growth nexus. International Review of Economics and Finance, 42, 116–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2015.10.044

Investment, F. D. (2017). www.econstor.eu.

Johansen, Soren, & Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration—with appucations to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169–210.

Johansen, Søren. (1988). Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,

(2), 231–254.

Khoon, S., Yan, C., & Mcnown, R. (2017). Re-examining foreign direct investment , exports , and economic growth in asian economies using a bootstrap ARDL test for cointegration. Journal of Asian Economics, 51, 12–

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2017.06.001

Lasbrey, A., Enyoghasim, M., Tobechi, A., Uwajumogu, N., Chukwu, B., & Kennedy, O. (2018). Foreign Direct

Investment and Economic Growth : Literature from 1980 to 2018. 8(5), 309–318.

Mahmoodi, M., & Mahmoodi, E. (2016). Foreign direct investment , exports and economic growth : evidence from

two panels of developing countries. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 29(1), 1–12.

Masih, A. M. M., & Masih, R. (1996). Energy consumption, real income and temporal causality: results from a multi-country study based on cointegration and error-correction modelling techniques. Energy Economics, 18(3), 165–183.

Narayan, P. K., & Smyth, R. (2008). Energy consumption and real GDP in G7 countries: new evidence from panel cointegration with structural breaks. Energy Economics, 30(5), 2331–2341.

Odhiambo, N. M. (2009). Energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Tanzania: An ARDL bounds testing approach. Energy Policy, 37(2), 617–622.

Odugbesan, J. A. (2020). Relationship Among Economic Growth , Energy Consumption , CO 2 Emission , and

Urbanization : Evidence From MINT Countries. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914648

Pandya, V., & Sisombat, S. (2017). Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth : Empirical

Evidence from Australian Economy. 9(5), 121–131. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n5p121

Personal, M., & Archive, R. (2019). Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Impact of Trade Openness , Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Investment on Economic Growth : New Evidence from Asian Developing Countries. 94489.

Pesaran, M. H. (1997). The role of economic theory in modelling the long run. The Economic Journal, 107(440),

–191.

Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis.

Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371–413.

Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships.

Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.

Roussell, Y, Ali, Ali. and Audi, M. (2021). Measuring the Money Demand in Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis.

Bulletin of Business and Economics, 10(1), 27-41.

Şenturk, İ & Ali, A. (2021). Socioeconomic Determinants of Gender-Specific Life Expectancy in Turkey: A Time

Series Analysis. Sosyoekonomi, 29(49), 85-111.

Sokhanvar, A. (2019). Does foreign direct investment accelerate tourism and economic growth within Europe ?

Tourism Management Perspectives, 29(October 2018), 86–96.

Talpur, U. (2019). Relationship of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth Rate of Pakistan : ( From :

-91 to 2011-12 ) Abstract : 39(3), 1049–1058.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

AJMAL, H. ., & KHALID, A. . (2021). CAUSALITY ARDL ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC EXPANSION FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND EXPORTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE COUNTRIES (MINT). Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 10(2), 67-75. https://bbejournal.com/BBE/article/view/110