Impact of Climate, Cynicism and Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Intervening Impact of Job Embeddedness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00277Keywords:
Climate, Cynicism, Culture, Organizational CitizenshipAbstract
The standoff between management and the young doctor's organization (YDA) caused by periodic strikes has had major consequences for patients who do not receive medical attention when needed. This includes the stoppage of treatment in public hospital emergencies, which frequently results in patient deaths, reflecting a negative image of public hospitals. Analysis of the procedural imbalance and relationships between several organizational environment, culture, cynicism, citizenship behavior, and job embeddedness criteria in public-sector hospitals is the goal of this study. However, information gathered from the young doctors at Lahore's Public Sector Health Hospitals was necessary for this study to be successful. To compute the results, several statistical procedures were used, including factor analysis, regression, correlation, and reliability analysis. To examine the findings, information was gathered from 146 responders, who were young physicians. This study found that whereas JE mediates the association between organizational climate, cynicism, culture, and citizenship behavior among young doctors in Lahore's public sector hospitals, organizational climate has a considerable impact on OCB while organizational cynicism and culture have a small impact.
References
Abdullah et. al. (2018). The Effect of Personality, Organizational Climate and Job Satisfaction on Teachers Organizational Citizenship Behavior at Public Vocational High School in DKI Jakarta Province. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 6(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i4.el02
Afsar, B., & Badir, F. (2016). Person–organization fit, perceived organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior: The role of job embeddedness. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15(3), 252-278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2016.1147936
Ahn, Z. I.-Y. (2017). The Effect Of Organizational Culture On Employee Commitment: A Mediating Role Of Human Resource Development In Korean Firms. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(1), 87-94.
Akgunduz, Y., & Cin, F. M. (2015). Job embeddedness as a moderator of the effect of manager trust and distributive justice on turnover intentions. Anatolia. An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13032917.2015.1020504
Aldrin, N., & Yunanto, K. T. (2019). Job Satisfaction as a Mediator for the Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour. The Open Psychology Journal, 12(1), 126-134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1874350101912010126
Aledeinat, M., Harith, M., & Shahar, M. (2017). The effect of organizational support and organizational commitment on OCB: the mediating role of job satisfaction. International management journal, 11(8-10), 1663-1668.
Ali, A.A., Mahmood, K., Javaid, Z.K., & Athar, M. (2024). Conflict Resolution, Psychological Well-Being and Marital Satisfaction among Spouses of Working People. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(2), 183–191.
Allen, D. G. (2006). Do organisational socialisation tactics influence newcomer embeddedness and turnover? Journal of Management, 32(2), 237−256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305280103
Allen, D. K. (2003). Organizational climate and strategic change in higher education: Organizational insecurity. Higher Education, 46(1), 61−92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024445024385
Aslam, U., Rehman, M., Imran, M. K., & Muqadas, F. (2016). The Impact of Teacher Qualifications and Experience on Student Satisfaction: A Mediating and Moderating Research Model. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 10(3), 505-524.
AWUOR, A. G. (2015). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Performance in Merged Organizations in Kenya: A Case Study of Liquid Telecom Kenya. United States Inetrnational University Africa.
Azanza, G., Moriano, J. A., & Molero, F. (2013). Authentic Leadership and Organizational Culture as Drivers of Employees’ Job Satisfaction. Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 29, 45-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5093/tr2013a7
Azmi, F. T., Desai, K., & Jayakrishnan, K. (2016). Organization citizenship behaviour (OCB): A comprehensive literature review. Sumedha Journal of Management, 5(1), 102.
Balay, R., & Ipek, C. (2010). Teachers’ perception of organizational culture and organizational commitment in Turkish primary school. Journal of World of Turks, 2(1), 363-384.
Barkhordar et al. (2016). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: The case of department of physical education of Tehran. International Business Management. International Business Management, 10(10), 1886-1892.
Brandes, P., Dharwadkar, R., & Dean, J. W. (1999). Does organizational cynicism matter? Employee and supervisor perspectives on work outcomes. In Eastern Academy of Management Proceedings, 150- 153.
Candan, H. (2016). A Research On The Relationship Between Job Embeddedness With Performance And Burnout Of Academicians In Turkey. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 18(3), 68-80.
Colquit, J. (2001). On the dimentionality of organizational justice: A constrcut validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 386-400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.3.386
Durrah, O., Chaudhary, M., & Gharib, M. (2019). Organizational Cynicism and Its Impact on Organizational Pride in Industrial Organizations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health., 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071203
El Badawy, T. A., Trujillo-Reyes, J. C., & Magdy, M. M. (2017). The Demographics’ Effects on Organizational Culture, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Egypt and Mexico. Business and Management Research, 6(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/bmr.v6n1p28
Essays, UK. . (2018). Relationship between Organisational Climate and Organisational Citizenship Behaviour.
Fong, V. (2017). The role of organizational culture and commitment on job embeddedness and stay intention in Hong Kong.
Furnham, A., & Goodstein, L. D. (1997). Organizational climate questionnaire. An imprint of Jossey-Bass Inc. Publisher, Annual Vol. 2.
Gan, J. L., & Yusof, H. M. (2018, March). Does Organizational Justice Influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Engineers? A Conceptual Paper. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Bandung, Indonesia., 6-8.
Ghazi, M., & Jalali, S. M. (2017). The effect of organizational justice and job motivation on organizational citizenship behavior and its impact on taxpayers. Journal of History Culture and Art research, 6(1), 136-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i1.710
Gholami, S., Keykale, M., Tir, M., Ramandi, F., Karimi, M., & Rajaee, R. (2015). European Journal of Biology and Medical Science Research. ). Investigating the relationship between organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior among staff hospital, 3(3), 54-63.
Guven, B., & Gursoy, A. (2014). A Study on the Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Dimensions and Behaviors. Beykent University Journal of Social Sciences, 7(1), 92-110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18221/bujss.74166
Habib, S., Aslam, S., Hussain, A., Yasmeen, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2014). . The Impact of Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction, Employess Commitment and Turn over Intention. Advances in Economics and Business, 2(6), 215-222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/aeb.2014.020601
Hashim, H., Ishak, N. A., & Hilmi, Z. A. (2015). Influence of organizational climate on Disabled Job Embeddedness. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 202, 242–251. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.228
Heyart, B. (2011). The Role of Organizational Climate and Culture in Service Encounters. Wayne State University.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Geert Hofstede culture. Retrieved from Geerthofstede.com.
Holtom, B. C., Mitchell, T. R., Lee, T. W., & Eberly, M. B. (2008). Turnover and Retention Research: A Glance at the Past, a Closer Review of the Present, and a Venture into the Future. The Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 231–274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520802211552
Ike, O. O., Chuke, N. N., & Nnamchi, O. C. (2024). Organizational Cynicism and Turnover Intention Among Nurses: Do Perceived Organizational Support Moderates the Relationship. SAGE Open Nursing, 10, 23779608241251717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23779608241251717
Inanlou, Z., & Ahn, J. Y. (2017). The Effect of Organizational Culture on Employee Commitment: A Mediating Role of Human Resource Development In Korean Firms. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(1), 87-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i1.9869
Indahwaty, S., Arifah, N., & Mahmuda, R. (2019). Organizational Climate Enhance Service Quality through Enhancing OCB in Public Hospital. Biomedical Research, 30(5), 738-746. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35841/biomedicalresearch.30-19-304
Iqbal, Q., & Piwowar-Sulej, K. (2023). Organizational citizenship behavior for the environment decoded: sustainable leaders, green organizational climate and person-organization fit. Baltic Journal of Management, 18(3), 300-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2021-0347
Jabeen, R., Mehmood, S., Ahmed, M., Ghani, T., Javaid, Z. K., & Popp, J. (2024). The Role of Green HRM on Environmental Performance: Mediating Role of Green Ambidexterity and Green Behavior and Moderating Role of Responsible Leadership. Journal of Chinese Human Resources Management, 15(2), 70-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800504.20241502
Jain, K., Sandhu, M., & Goh, S. (2015). Organizational climate, trust and knowledge sharing: insights from Malaysia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 9(1), 54-77. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-07-2013-0040
Jamil, S. (2019). Developing a Model Of Organization Citizenship Behavior in Health Care Organization For Pakistan. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Faculty of Business Administration. academia.edu.
Javaid, Z. K., Khan, K., & Anjum, A. R. (2023). Antecedents of Employee Wellbeing: Review of Organizations in Pakistan. ESIC Market, 54(3), e313-e313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7200/esicm.54.313
Javaid, Z. K., Mahmood, K., & Ali, A. A. (2023). Mediating Role of Mindfulness between Quality of Life and Workplace Stress among Working Women. Journal of Workplace Behavior, 4(1), 68-80.
Kalağan, G. (2009). Organizational Support Perceptions of Research Assistants with Organizational Support The Relationship Between Their Attitudes. Akdeniz University, Social Sciences Institute. Antalya.
Kanten, P., & Er Ülker, F. (2013). The Effect of Organizational Climate on Counterproductive Behaviors: An Empirical Study on the Employees of Manufacturing Enterprises. The Macrotheme Review. A multidisciplinary journal of global macro trends, 2(4).
Kapil, K., & Rastogi, R. (2018). Promoting Organizational Citizenship Behaviour: The Roles of Leader– Member Exchange and Organizational Job Embeddedness. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 5(1), 56–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2322093718766803
Karatepe, O. M. (2016). Does job embeddedness mediate the effects of coworker and family support on creative performance? An empirical study in the hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 15(2), 119-132. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2016.1084852
Karatepe, O. M., & Karadas, G. (2012). The effect of management commitment to service quality on job embeddedness and performance outcomes. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 13(4), 614-636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.620159
Khan, K., & Javaid, Z. K. (2023). Analyzing Employee Performance through Workforce Diversity Management: Role of Workforce Diversity Characteristics. Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics, 8(2), 85-101.
Koçyiğit, M. (2015). The Effect of Leadership on Organizational Culture. In Leadership and Organizational Outcomes. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14908-0_7
Konakli, T. (2013). Impact of school managers altruist behaviors upon organizational cynicism: The case of Kocaeli, Turkey. Academic Journals, 8(24), 2317-2324.
Koseoglu, G., Liu, Y., & Shalley, C. E. (2017). Working with Creative Leaders: Exploring the Relationship between Supervisor’s and Subordinate’s Creativity. The Leadership Quarterly Journal, 28(6), 798-811. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2017.03.002
Mallol, C. M., Holtom, B. C., & Lee, T. W. (2007). Job embeddedness in culturally diverse environment. Journal of Business Psychology, 22, 35–44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-007-9045-x
Mamik, et. al. (2020). Influence of Transformational Leadership Style and Organizational Culture to Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and Employee’s Performance in Mothers and Children Hospitals in East Java. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 15(2), 529-534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2020.529.534
Markoczy, L., & Xin, K. (2004). The virtues of omission in organizational citizenship behavior, Anderson Graduate School of Mnagement: University of California.
McCombes, S. (2019). Understanding different sampling methods.
Moses, A. R. (2012). Understanding the Relationship of Job Embeddedness with Social and Human Capital: The Importance of Organizational Identification. Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation.
Nafei, W. (2015). The Effects of Job Embeddedness on Organizational Cynicism and Employee Performance: A Study on Sadat City University. International Journal of Business Administration, 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v6n1p8
Nair, P., & Kamalanabhan, T. J. (n.d.). The Impact of Cynicism on Ethical Intentions of Indian Managers: The Moderating Role of Their Level of Management. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 1(2), 155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2010.V1.28
Ng, S. M., Ke, G. N., & Raymond, W. (2014). The mediating role of work locus of control on the relationship among emotional intelligence, organisational citizenship behaviours, and mental health among nurses. Australian Journal of Psychology, 66(4), 207-215. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12049
Ng, T, W. H., & Feldman, D. C. (2010). The impact of job embeddedness on innovation related behaviors. Human Resource Management, 49, 1067-1087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20390
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. USA: D.C. Heath and Company.
Organ, D. W., & Konovsky, M. A. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 157-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.74.1.157
Pepey, M., Jesus, D. E., Rubino, M., Morote, E.-S., & Perry, S. (2016). , Esmery and Rubino, Michael and Morote, Elsa-Sofia and Perry, S. Marshall, Happiness at Work: Organizational Culture, Job Embeddedness, and Continuance Commitment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2726452
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Moorman, R. H., & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers' trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. The leadership quarterly, 1(2), 107-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(90)90009-7
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviours: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513-563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
Pozveh, A. Z., & Karimi, F. (2017). The relationship between organizational climate and organizational citizenship behaviors of the staff members in the Department of Education in Isfahan city. International Journal Education Psychological Research, 3, 53-60.
Purba, D., Oostrom, J., Born, M., & Van Der Molen, H. (2013). The Relationships of Trust in Supervisor, On-the-Job Embeddedness, and Intentions to Leave: Testing the Mediating Effect of On-the-Job Embeddedness. The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences, (pp. 346-348).
Raja, S., Madhavi, D. C., & Sankar, D. S. (2019). Influence of Organizational Climate on Employee Performance in Manufacturing Industry. Suraj Punj Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 9(3), 155.
Ramzan, M., Javaid, Z. K., & Khan, M. A. (2023). Psychological Discursiveness in Language Use of Imran Khan’s Speech on National Issues. Global Language Review, VIII (II), 214-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(VIII-II).19
Saraih, U. N. (2015). The Development of Employees’ Career in Relation to Task Performance and OCB. International Journal of Humanities and Management Sciences (IJHMS), 3(3), 166-170.
Schyns, B., Weibler, J., & Maslyn, J. M. (2009). Understanding the relationship between span of control and subordinate consensus in leader-member exchange. University of Portsmouth. Research Gate. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320903146485
Shahin, A., Naftchali, J., & Pool, J. (2014). Developing a model for the influence of perceived organizational climate on organizational citizenship behavior and organizational performance based on balanced score card. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 290-307. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-03-2013-0044
Shahriari, S. (2011). Organizational Justice, Job Embeddedness, and Job Outcomes: A Study of Hotel Employees in Iran. Eastern Mediterranean University.
Shahzad, A., Rizvi, R. A., Waheed, A., Khan, I., Usman, S. M., Nazir, N., . . . Kiyani, T. M. (2013). Linking servant leadership with organizational citizenship behavior through trust: An Embryonic Structural Modelling Approach. European Journal of Social Sciences, 39(2), 273-284.
Singh, D. (2019). The Effect of Job Embeddedness and Organizational Justice on Organizational Cynicism: A Study of IT Industry in Delhi – NCR. Journal of the Gurjrat Research Society, 21(11).
Singh, D., & Dixit, D. (2018). Organizational Cynicism: A Literature Review. XIV International Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering, Science and Management. Conference world.
Sofia S., et. al. (2018). Leveraging organizational climate theory for understanding industry-academia collaboration. Information and Software Technology, 98, 148-160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2017.12.006
Subramani, A. K., Jan, N. A., Gaur, M., & Vino. (2015). Impact of organizational climate on organizational citizenship behaviour with respect to automotive industries at Ambattur industrial estate, Chennai. 13, 6391-6408. Research Gate.
Suifan, T. S. (2016). The Impact of Organizational Climate and Psychological Capital on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Business and Management, 11(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v11n1p224
Suifan, T. S., & Al-Janini, M. (2017). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Employee’s Creativity in the Jordanian Banking Sector. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(2).
Suparjo, & Darmanto, S. (2015). Mediating Role of Jobs Satisfaction among Organizational Commitment, Organizational Culture and Citizenship Behavior (OCB): Empirical Study on Private Higher Education in Central Java, Indonesia. Journal of Research in Marketing, 4(1), 289-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17722/jorm.v4i1.112
Suresh, S., & Venkatammal, P. (2010). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviour. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36(2), 276-286.
Tordera, N., Gonza´lez-Roma, V., & Peiro, J. M. (2008). “The moderator effect of psychological climate on the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) quality and role overload”. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17, 55-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701392059
Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction. BMC health services research, 11(1), 98-106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-11-98
Turkmen, F., & Aykac, E. (2017). The association between organizational cynicism and organizational citizenship behavior: A case study. European Research Studies Journal, 20, 743-753. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/868
Urbany, J. E. (2005). Inspiration and cynicism in values statements. Journal of Business Ethics, 62, 169-182. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-0188-2
Vasudevan, L., & Iqbal, A. (2018). Relationship between organizational climate and citizenship behavior of the non-supervisory staff in Bank Simpanan National, Malaysia. International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management, 3(4), 287-302.
Vijayabanu, et. al,. (2017). Perceived Organization Climate and Work Commitment in Indian Private Manufacturing Sector. International Journal of Economic Research, 14(8).
Wang, L., & Shi, J. T. (2007). An Empirical Study of Organizational Embeddedness and Its Effect on Employees Work Behavior. Journal of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Management, 21, 14-18.
Watkin, C., & Hubbard, B. (2003). Leadership motivation and the drivers of share price: The business case for measuring organisational climate. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 24(7), 380−386. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/01437730310498578
Wijayanto, R. B., & Kismono, G. (2004). The Effect of Job Embeddedness on Organizational Citizenship Behavior; The Mediating Role of Sense of Responsibility. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 6(3), 335-354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5554
Yean, T. F., & Yusof, A. A. (2016). Organizational justice: A conceptual discussion. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 798-803. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.082
Yılmaz, H., & Şencan, H. (2018). The Effect of the Organizational Citizenship and Cynicism Behaviors on the Management of Hierarchical Conflicts. International Review of Management and Marketing, 8(2), 118-130.
Yüksel, H., & Şahinii, S. (2017). The Relationship between Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Commitment. European Journal of Education Studies, 3(8).
Zeyada, M. (2018). Organizational Culture and its Impact on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, 8(3), 418-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i3/3939
Zhao, X. W., Sun, T., Cao, Q. R., Li, C., Duan, X. J., Fan, L. H., & Liu, Y. (2012). The impact of quality of work life on job embeddedness and affective commitment and their co-effect on turnover intention of nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 22, 780-788. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2012.04198.x